Aquaporin-2 Antibodies

Aquaporin-2 (AQP2)

Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	AQP2
Uniprot:	P41181
Entrez:	359

Family

Belongs to:
MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family

Alternative Names

ADH water channel; AQP-2; AQP-CD; aquaporin 2 (collecting duct); aquaporin-2; aquaporin-CD; Collecting duct water channel protein; MGC34501; Water channel protein for renal collecting duct; water-channel aquaporin 2; WCH-CD

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
28.837 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	12q13.12
Sequence:	12; NC_000012.12 (49950737..49958878)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in renal collecting tubules.

Subcellular Localizations

Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Shuttles from vesicles to the apical membrane (PubMed:15509592). Vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation is required for translocation to the apical cell membrane (PubMed:15509592). PLEKHA8/FAPP2 is required to transport AQP2 from the TGN to sites where AQP2 is phosphorylated (By similarity).

Diseases

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
• Disease Of Adrenal Medulla
• Polyuria
• Dehydration
• Kidney Diseases
• Deprivation Of Water
• Edema
• Heart Failure
• Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
• Anti-diuresis (finding)
• Kidney Failure

• Inappropriate Adh Syndrome
• Polydipsia
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Hypertensive Disease
• Ureteral Obstruction
• Water-electrolyte Imbalance

Pathways

• Excretion
• Transport
• Localization
• Water Transport
• Secretion
• Water Homeostasis
• Endocytosis
• Diuresis
• Glomerular Filtration
• Pathogenesis
• Exocytosis
• Natriuresis
• Fluid Transport

• Cellular Localization
• Glycosylation
• Translation
• Aging
• Cell Proliferation
• Urea Transport
• Response To Water Deprivation

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation
• Biotinylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Ubiquitination

• Cleavage
• Nitration
• Reduction
• Prenylation
• Acylation

• Myristoylation

Research Areas

• Plasma Membrane Markers
• Signal Transduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/AQP2

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The AQP2 Marker

Boster Bio has developed the first human antibody against the AQP2 molecular. Boster Bio validates antibodies against both positive and negative samples and performs extensive validation on a variety of platforms. Boster Bio antibodies are highly specific and specific. Boster gives product credits to the first reviewer. Boster rewards scientists around the world for their contribution. Continue reading to learn more about this amazing discovery. Also read: What Is The AQP2 Marker?

AQP2 Marker

AQP2 is a protein that is expressed on the cell's surface. It is found in all tissues of the body including the liver. It is essential for controlling blood pressure, inflammation, immune, and other functions. Numerous studies have proven that AQP2 is present in a variety of types of tissues including the liver. The most effective uses for the AQP2 marker are listed below.

The sequences of the AQP2 gene were obtained with the help of a cell line called MDCK. It was cultured in an EMEM supplemented with 10 percent Fetu bovine serum. All experiments were approved by the institution's review board and ethics committee. Patients signed a written informed consent. The AQP2-G215S mutant was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and sequence analysis.

It has been shown that AQP2 can associate with other proteins-storing vesicles. The studies on the molecular biology of this protein have revealed that it binds to Rab11 which is a part of the trans-Golgi-mediated network. It is also linked to myosins from non-muscle muscles and other proteins. The laboratory has demonstrated that the AQP2 marker is an effective diagnostic tool.

AQP2 is one of the membrane proteins that is most well-studied and serves as an example of hormone-induced controlled exocytosis. While the mechanism that AQP2 uses to move remains unclear, it has been shown that its phosphorylation affects its interaction with the trafficking machinery. The most effective way to understand the process is through cross-disciplinary studies in cells as well as in vitro tests.

The AQP2 structure is made up of approximately 270 amino acids residues. It is a homotetramer inside the cell membrane. Each monomer has its very individual channel pore to allow water. It contains two asparagine-proline-alanine sequences, known as NPA boxes. These sequences fold into the center of the membrane. Based on crystallographic analysis, they can be described as a shaped hourglass.

To create stable MDCK cells that express the AQP2 WT or AQP2-R254W, the LV vectors are a possibility. In subsequent tests, untransduced MDCK cells are used as negative control. In this period, only a small amount of AQP2-specific staining was detected in these MDCK cells. The MDCK cell lines that resulted showed weak staining of total AQP2 proteins and ss–actin.

The kidney's water channel AQP2 is vital. Its expression is located at the most downstream portion of urine production, and is controlled by the hormone ADH. Patients can develop diabetes insipidus if the function of the AQP2 becomes impaired. This is a condition where urine does not concentrate. However, AQP2 is a very significant protein in regulating the production of urine.

AQP2 was discovered through the raadiomutation, known as Rab7-GFP. This mutation results in the protein's Golgi apparatus to remain intact. It also interferes with the sorting of proteins into late endosomes, resulting in defective phosphorylation. This marker can be helpful in identifying rare diseases, like diabetes, among patients with the disease.

AQP5/AQP5 Marker

The Anti-Aquaporin 5/AQP5 Antibody by Boster Bio has been tested on a variety of applications including WB and IHC. This product reacts with Human, Mouse, and Rat. It's a versatile tool that can be used for research. It can be used to analyze the expression of AQP5 in different cells. It can also be utilized in ELISA to determine the reaction of your samples.

The marker AQP5/AQP5 is a crucial biomarker to detect the presence of cancer cells. This protein is found in many tissues, including the cornea, lens fiber, trabecular meshwork, retinal Muller cells, ciliary epithelium, conjunctiva, conjunctiva and conjunctiva and trabecular meshwork. The study found that AQP5 expression was significantly linked to distant lymph node metastasis, as well as TNM stage.

Dr. Gilbertson has been awarded numerous awards and honors. He has been featured on CNN, Discovery Channel, NPR, and the Boston Globe. He has also published numerous articles and has been featured in a variety of publications, including USA Today, Science News, and Business Week. AQP5 is a protein that plays a crucial role in fluid clearance. However, the expression level is much lower in adults than newborns.

Aqp5+ pancreatic duct cells are involved in the development of human IPMN. Aqp5+ pancreatic ducts could be the primary factor in the development of human IPMN. However, it's unclear if this protein is a genuine biomarker for IPMN. Further research is needed to determine if this protein is a biomarker for IPMN.

Boster Bio's AQP5/AQP5 markers are highly expressed in pancreatic and GSK-3b cancers. It is believed that they play an crucial roles in the progression and development of preneoplastic lesion. It is not clear how Aqp5 helps to maintain the ductal progenitor cells pool. Activation of the nuclear GSK-3b as well as the KRasG12D pathways could be essential for maintaining the progenitor cell pool of the ductal.

Patients suffering from hormone-responsive breast cancer or HER2-overexpressed breast carcinomas are more likely to survive if the AQP5/AQP5 gene is overexpressed. This protein could be an alternative treatment option for patients with antibreast cancer. The protein is highly expressed in breast cancers and could play an important role in the process of metastasis. A breast cancer drug targeting AQP5 may have a promising potential for treating the disease.

Boster Bio also discovered AQP5/AQP5-related markers in human submandibular cells that were devoid of Lats1/2. The cells showed reduced AQP5 expression and were characterized by apical morphology that was abnormal. The AQP5 stain appeared to face the luminal regions. Although the impact of Lats1/2 kinases on myoepithelium is unclear, this study suggests that it may play significant roles in the suppression of acinar development.

IHC analysis of AQP5/AQP5 markers showed a statistically significant correlation in the human IPMN subset. IHC examined both AqP5 and GSK-3b in the same sample, and the correlation was statistically significant. The findings were confirmed by the Hscore system, which was calculated by multiplying each marker by its ordinal value.