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Facts about ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8.
Required for normal sterol homeostasis (PubMed:11099417, PubMed:11452359, PubMed:15054092). The heterodimer with ABCG5 has ATPase activity (PubMed:16893193, PubMed:20210363, PubMed:27144356).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | ABCG8 |
Uniprot: | Q9H221 |
Entrez: | 64241 |
Belongs to: |
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ABC transporter superfamily |
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8; ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 8 (sterolin 2); ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 8; GBD4ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 8; MGC142217; sterolin 2; sterolin-2; STSL
Mass (kDA):
75.679 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 2p21 |
Sequence: | 2; NC_000002.12 (43831942..43882988) |
Predominantly expressed in the liver (PubMed:11099417, PubMed:11452359). Low expression levels in the small intestine and colon (PubMed:11099417). Very low levels in other tissues, including brain, heart and spleen (PubMed:11452359).
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
You might be looking for a high-sensitivity test kit for gene amplifying. ABCG8 is a popular marker used in cloning as well as other genetics experiments. It is used to increase the ABCG8 gene. In this article, you'll discover about the ABCG8 gene, its function and the primer pair that is used to amplify it.
The ABCG8 marker, and its close relative ABCG5, are apical protein that is only found in the intestine and liver. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on frozen serial sections of human liver. The analyses were based on pre-immune serum as negative controls. Histologically the distribution of the two proteins was different. ABCG5 was detected along sinusoidal tracts while ABCG8 was located within the bile ducts' lining cells at higher magnification. These results suggest that the two proteins serve distinct functions.
In addition, the expression of the ABCG8 marker is associated with insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. However, the exact role of these markers in the development of heart disease is not known. Further research is required to determine if ABCG8 can be a susceptibility gene marker. The ABCG8 marker is an essential factor in determining risk of heart disease. However, it's not entirely clear if the ABCG8 marker is related to insulin resistance.
The ABCG8 marker is a player in a variety of functions in the digestive tract. It is located in the epithelium that is located in the gall bladder. It regulates the secretion of biliary fluid and also the sterol content. Human and canine gall bladder epithelial cells show the identical expression pattern and activity. ABCG8 is also expressed within the gall bladder lining in humans.
In mice in mice, the ABCG8 as well as the ABCG5 proteins are a functional complex. Together they regulate the release of hepatic cholesterol and block absorption of dietary cholesterol. These genes were affected by ABCG5 and ABCG8's inactivation within the gut. In mice, both of these enzymes are necessary for the normal secretion of dietary sterols.
Researchers are looking into the role of the ABCG8 marker in the cardiovascular disease and plant sterols in particular. The Old Order Amish population provides a valuable opportunity to test this hypothesis. Although the ABCG8 G574R gene mutation is uncommon in the Amish population, it is associated to subclinical atherosclerosis. A targeted recruitment program for families identified additional carriers of the ABCG8 G574R mutation.
ABCG5/ABCG8 are members of the ATP binding cassette transporter family. These enzymes stop the accumulation of dietary sterols and are associated with a genetic disorder called sitosterolemia. The genes encoding Abcg5 and ABCG8 are located on the mouse chromosome 17 in head-to head orientation. They are co-expressed and have two LoxP site.
The HA subunit was not the only gene to be co-expressed with T cell antigen receptor-myc. This combination of ABCG5 myc and ABCG8 HA led to the formation of two distinct forms of protein. The ABCG5 myc form was able access the trans-Golgi system, whereas the ABCG8-HA subunit failed to cross the ER membrane. The endosome was detected by Rab11.
To determine the precise location of ABCG8 Leukocytes must be isolated and analyzed for subcellular ABCG8 expression. The ABCG5-myc protein was co-transfected with ABCG8-HA, and both proteins co-immunoprecipitated in cells. Moreover, lower-molecular-weight forms of ABCG8 were found in cells expressing both proteins.
Studies have demonstrated that this polymorphism doesn't have a correlation with plasma levels of lipids. It is believed that ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes are not paired and are unable to achieve the correct conformation to exit ER. It is possible that these proteins aren't coupled and don't associate. This suggests that ABCG5 as and ABCG8 might not be monogamous. The findings do suggest that both genes play a role in the levels of cholestanol present in the blood.
To determine the immunoprecipitation of ABCG8 The anti-HA mAb (mAb) was used. For various time intervals cells that express ABCG5 or ABCG8 were monitored. Both ABCG5 myc and ABCG8 forms were immunoprecipitated and then fluorography was used to observe them. The experiment was repeated four times, with similar results. The band of 48 kDa was observed in CHOK1 cells expressing ABCG8-HA.
While the cross-species PCR method has been tested with mixed success, the factors that affect their performance have not been systematically examined. For instance, the success rate of primer pairs that included an index mouse species was lower than the rate of an unrelated species. PCR primers have been created to cover specific regions of the genome. To demonstrate this, researchers developed PCR primer pairs with mice as an indicator species to increase the expression of genes in the rat mouse, and hamster.
A study of Hamster DNA showed that the primer pairings of 510 out of 1087 produced amplified product. In the human genome the distance between primer pairs is 2.3 Mb, and they may yield up to one hundred thousand bp of species-specific sequence. In the present study, these genes were amplified with only 510 of the 1087 primer pairs. To improve their accuracy, researchers can use amplification conditions with varying degrees of variation.
Three primer pairs were successfully utilized for investigating fungal communities in soil. The primers nu–SSU–0817-5’, nu–SSU–1196-3’, and nu–SSU–1536-3' had high specificity against fungi. They also showed high percentages of matches identical to GenBank databases.
This study utilized PCR conditions optimized for internal primers. The amplification of these genes produced two 118-bp products that were later confirmed using external primers. Multiplex PCR assays were used to test three primer combinations. Combinations 1 and 3 resulted in three distinct bands that were of the expected size. This indicates that the internal and exterior primers were complemented one to the next. Primers with combination 1 or 3 are the most efficient after multiplex PCR.
The hlyA gene primer pair has been evaluated as an extremely specific primer to identify Listeria monocytogenes. It gave an amplified DNA band with 276 bp. The PCR parameters used in this study were greater than those used by Cooray and co. (1997). The hlyA gene was the very first gene in Listeria monocytogenes that was amplified.
PMID: 11099417 by Berge K.E., et al. Accumulation of dietary cholesterol in sitosterolemia caused by mutations in adjacent ABC transporters.
PMID: 11452359 by Lu K., et al. Two genes that map to the STSL locus cause sitosterolemia: genomic structure and spectrum of mutations involving sterolin-1 and sterolin- 2, encoded by ABCG5 and ABCG8, respectively.
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