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AGPAT4 / 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for AGPAT4
Plan chromogenic AGPAT4 IHC in paraffin sections around the cytoplasmic tissue pattern and ER membrane annotation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Use high-staining bronchial respiratory epithelium and unstained adipocytes as tissue controls, and assess skeletal muscle cautiously because the two sources disagree (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
AGPAT4 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic IHC; ER membrane protein (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11729) | |
| Positive control | Bronchus+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A11729) | |
| Caveat | Skeletal myocytes lack IHC staining despite reported high expression (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Staining-related regulation is unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Two isoforms; map the antibody epitope across both (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended AGPAT4 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A11729) is accompanied by two published AGPAT4 IHC protocols (PMC11485110; PMC7099097).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11729) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11729); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A11729); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-AGPAT4, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A11729) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | AGPAT4-positive staining in respiratory epithelial cells of bronchus (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A11729); the published protocols use microwave heating or pressure-cooker EDTA retrieval (PMC11485110; PMC7099097).
Section 2
What Is the Expected AGPAT4 Staining Pattern?
AGPAT4 is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein with 4 transmembrane segments (UniProt Q9NRZ5 topology). In paraffin IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in respiratory epithelium, neurons, glandular cells, cardiomyocytes, and kidney tubules (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue pattern Approved, with medium consistency against RNA data and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining in the expected cells, with a clear difference from adjacent unstained areas. | This fits HPA’s broad cytoplasmic IHC profile. Respiratory epithelial cells, neurons, colon and fallopian tube glandular cells, cardiomyocytes, and kidney tubular cells are listed as High; compare the relevant cell population within each section (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear or extracellular staining, with little cytoplasmic signal. | Reassess staining specificity and section quality: that distribution does not match the reported IHC profile or membrane assignment (HPA: cytoplasmic expression in most tissues; UniProt Q9NRZ5: endoplasmic reticulum membrane). Nucleolar localisation has been reported by ICC-IF, so compartment judgments should remain application specific (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining in cells listed as Not detected, such as adipocytes or skeletal myocytes. | Treat this as an unexpected IHC result and check controls for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (HPA: adipocytes and skeletal myocytes Not detected; general IHC practice). UniProt reports high expression in skeletal muscle, so the myocyte discrepancy warrants investigation rather than an automatic artefact call (UniProt Q9NRZ5: tissue specificity). |
| Color extends diffusely across tissue and cell-free areas, obscuring cell boundaries. | The slide cannot establish a cell-specific AGPAT4 pattern when background obscures localisation (general IHC practice). Reassess blocking, washes, detection controls, and counterstain before scoring; HPA’s expected readout is cytoplasmic expression in most tissues (HPA: tissue IHC profile; general IHC practice). |
| No staining in an expected positive cell population. | A blank result in bronchial respiratory epithelium, heart cardiomyocytes, or kidney tubules conflicts with their High HPA IHC entries (HPA: tissue IHC). Check that the expected cells are present and review antibody, retrieval, and detection controls before interpreting the specimen as negative (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected AGPAT4 appearanceCall positive when cytoplasmic staining is clear in an expected cell population, preferably one rated High; dominant cell-free, nuclear-only, or unexpected-cell staining calls for control review (HPA: tissue IHC profile and High entries; general IHC practice).
| Membrane topology and compartment | AGPAT4 has 4 transmembrane segments and an endoplasmic reticulum membrane assignment (UniProt Q9NRZ5 topology and subcellular location). HPA describes the paraffin IHC pattern as cytoplasmic; these sources do not define a paraffin IHC epitope or predict antigen-retrieval conditions (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q9NRZ5). |
| Tissue evidence and its limit | HPA lists High staining in several epithelial, neuronal, cardiac, and renal cell populations, but rates antibody–RNA consistency as medium and notes external verification is pending (HPA: tissue IHC and reliability). Use its cell-level observations as reference patterns, not a guarantee for every specimen. |
| Skeletal muscle discrepancy | Skeletal myocytes are Not detected by HPA tissue IHC, while UniProt describes AGPAT4 expression as highest in skeletal muscle (HPA: skeletal muscle IHC; UniProt Q9NRZ5: tissue specificity). Keep assay type and sampled cell population explicit when evaluating this disagreement. |
| Antibody validation | HPA053287 is Approved for IHC and ICC; HPA060525 is Approved for ICC, with no IHC status supplied (HPA: antibody validation). The tissue IHC profile is Approved, with medium antibody–RNA consistency and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
| IF/ICC Q: Should punctate Golgi staining match paraffin IHC? | A: HPA reports mainly Golgi localisation, with additional nucleolar and vesicular localisation, in ICC-IF; its tissue IHC profile is broadly cytoplasmic (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: tissue IHC). Assess each application against its own reported pattern. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells remain blank. | The assay may have failed, or the expected cell population may be absent from the section (general IHC practice). HPA lists bronchial respiratory epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and kidney tubular cells as High (HPA: tissue IHC). | Confirm the relevant cells on the section, then review a positive control and the staining run’s retrieval, primary-antibody, and detection steps (general IHC practice). Do not score an unverified blank section as an AGPAT4 negative. |
| Signal appears mainly nuclear or outside cells. | That distribution conflicts with broad cytoplasmic tissue IHC staining and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane assignment (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q9NRZ5: subcellular location). | Inspect morphology and a detection control, and reassess the primary-antibody staining pattern (general IHC practice). Keep HPA’s additional nucleolar ICC-IF localisation specific to that application (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Unexpected cells stain strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice). This matters especially when adipocytes or skeletal myocytes stain despite HPA listing them as Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare with appropriate control sections and the expected positive cell population (general IHC practice). For skeletal muscle, record the conflict with UniProt’s high tissue-expression statement before drawing a conclusion (UniProt Q9NRZ5: tissue specificity). |
| Diffuse background masks cell boundaries. | Nonspecific binding or detection background can prevent reliable localisation assessment (general IHC practice); HPA’s reported tissue pattern is cytoplasmic (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Review blocking, wash conditions, detection controls, and counterstain so that cellular signal can be distinguished from background (general IHC practice). Reassess localisation only after cell boundaries are readable. |
| Signal is weak in a cell population expected to be High. | The observed result differs from that HPA tissue IHC entry, but HPA reports only medium antibody–RNA consistency and pending external verification (HPA: tissue IHC and reliability). | Check cell identity and compare an independently processed positive section; then review retrieval and detection performance (general IHC practice). Report the observed intensity without assuming the HPA level applies to every specimen. |
| ICC-IF shows Golgi puncta while paraffin IHC looks broadly cytoplasmic. | The two HPA datasets describe different application-level appearances: mainly Golgi in ICC-IF and cytoplasmic expression in most tissue IHC sections (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: tissue IHC). | Interpret each image against its matching HPA application record. Do not require paraffin IHC to resolve the Golgi, nucleolar, or vesicular detail reported for ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: tissue IHC). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing AGPAT4 staining
A11729 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200 (4° overnight). 2,
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026652-AGPAT4/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_15138630
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026652-AGPAT4/tissue/colon#imid_15137172
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026652-AGPAT4/tissue/liver#imid_15137173
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000026652-AGPAT4/tissue/kidney#imid_15137174
HPA · ICC-IF PC-3Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, PC-3, antibody HPA053287; green = AGPAT4, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF PC-3Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, PC-3, antibody HPA053287; green = AGPAT4, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for AGPAT4 IHC & IF
🧪Run bronchus first and look for staining in respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: High in bronchus respiratory epithelial cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the bronchus slide, adjacent cells without specific staining should show only background, but their AGPAT4 status is not established by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Bronchus (Respiratory epithelial cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show AGPAT4 in PC-3, U-251MG, U2OS, HEK293, with annotated localisation: Golgi apparatus (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and isotype or clonality; and, if available, a matched AGPAT4 knockout sample as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase for chromogenic detection and check bronchial inflammatory cells for residual peroxidase signal (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported in the supplied evidence, and the selected A11729 paraffin-section caption leaves the fixative unreported (selected tissue-IHC caption). Start retrieval optimization with Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0, the condition used in that caption; its necessity has not been established (selected tissue-IHC caption). Frozen sections and IF/ICC cannot be ranked as easier from this evidence; ICC-IF images show mainly Golgi localization with additional nucleolar and vesicular signal, while UniProt annotates AGPAT4 as an ER membrane protein (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q9NRZ5 subcellular).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for AGPAT4
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skeletal muscle | Myocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Soft tissue | Fibroblasts | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced AGPAT4 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot AGPAT4 staining by checking retrieval, cell type, compartment and controls before comparing staining intensity across paraffin sections.
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for AGPAT4 paraffin-section IHC?
Use heat-mediated Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0, for AGPAT4 paraffin-section IHC (datasheet A11729). The selected tissue image used this retrieval with primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A11729). Keep retrieval conditions identical across comparison sections, and examine a known positive compartment alongside each run to distinguish weak staining from processing variation (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: high in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells). If staining remains weak, adjust heating and cooling consistently across sections while checking tissue preservation; record each change before interpreting a shift in staining intensity (standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot fixation when AGPAT4 staining varies between paraffin blocks?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixative choice or fixation duration is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet A11729). Record the fixative, duration and tissue processing history for each block, then compare sections processed together using the same retrieval and antibody conditions (standard IHC practice; datasheet A11729: Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0, primary 1:200). Include a consistently stained reference tissue in each run so a weak block can be judged against run-level variation (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: high in colon glandular cells). Do not attribute a fixation effect to AGPAT4 without a controlled comparison of differently fixed material (standard IHC practice).
Should AGPAT4 staining appear in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi?
In chromogenic tissue IHC, assess AGPAT4 primarily as a cytoplasmic signal because that is the reported pattern across most tissues (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic expression). The protein is annotated as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein with 4 transmembrane segments (UniProt Q9NRZ5 topology and subcellular annotation). Separate cell imaging instead reports a mainly Golgi location, with additional nucleolar and vesicular signal (HPA subcellular: approved locations). Because chromogenic sections may not resolve these organelles, score staining within the expected cells and document its distribution; investigate a dominant nuclear-only pattern with controls before calling it AGPAT4 (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular).
Could isoform choice or epitope accessibility explain inconsistent AGPAT4 IHC?
AGPAT4 has 2 annotated isoforms, but the supplied record does not map the catalog antibody's epitope to either one (UniProt Q9NRZ5 isoforms; datasheet A11729). Its 4 annotated transmembrane segments occupy residues 11–31, 125–145, 307–327 and 338–358, making epitope position relevant when evaluating membrane-associated staining (UniProt Q9NRZ5 topology). Request the immunogen sequence or epitope map before claiming isoform coverage or an intracellular versus luminal epitope (standard antibody validation practice; UniProt Q9NRZ5 isoforms and topology). Compare staining with an independently mapped antibody, where available, and keep retrieval identical when assessing agreement across sections (standard IHC practice; datasheet A11729: Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0).
How can I use IF to investigate an ambiguous AGPAT4 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a complementary localisation check while retaining paraffin-section chromogenic IHC as the scoring workflow described for the catalog antibody (datasheet A11729). Multiplex AGPAT4 with a marker identifying the expected cell population, such as respiratory epithelial cells in bronchus, and include single-label controls for channel assignment (HPA tissue IHC: high in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells; standard IF practice). Choose separated fluorophores, favoring a far-red channel when tissue autofluorescence obscures shorter wavelengths, and inspect an unstained section (standard IF practice). Once the antibody epitope's membrane-facing side is known, optimise permeabilisation for access to that side; the supplied epitope information does not establish its orientation (UniProt Q9NRZ5 topology; standard IF practice).
How do I distinguish AGPAT4 signal from chromogenic background?
Run a no-primary control through secondary detection and chromogen development to reveal reagent-dependent staining (standard IHC practice). Apply a peroxidase block before enzyme-based detection, and treat DAB development as a general chromogenic workflow step rather than AGPAT4-specific evidence (standard IHC practice). The selected image used secondary antibody at 1:200 for 45 minutes at room temperature; match that condition during comparisons before changing antibody concentrations (datasheet A11729). Compare staining in the expected cell population with reported low or undetected populations, while allowing for tissue and processing differences; HPA reports high bronchial respiratory epithelial staining and undetected adipocyte staining (HPA tissue IHC).
What is a defensible way to quantify AGPAT4 staining in tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and region before scoring, then apply the same segmentation and exclusion rules to every section (standard IHC quantification practice). For cytoplasmic chromogenic staining, record the percentage of positive cells and an H-score from 0–300, calculated from the percentages at intensity scores 0–3 (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC quantification practice). If counting positive cells per mm², normalise to analysed viable tissue area; for an H-score, normalise to the eligible cells within the annotated compartment (standard IHC quantification practice). Report the retrieval and antibody conditions with scores so sections processed differently are identifiable (datasheet A11729: Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0, primary 1:200).
What findings make a positive AGPAT4 IHC result credible?
A credible result shows reproducible staining in an appropriate cell population with a mainly cytoplasmic pattern and a clean no-primary control (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). High staining in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells or colon glandular cells can support interpretation, whereas HPA reports low staining in lung alveolar cells (HPA tissue IHC). Treat isolated nuclear-only staining cautiously: AGPAT4 is annotated at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although separate cell imaging reports additional nucleolar localisation (UniProt Q9NRZ5 subcellular annotation; HPA subcellular). Exclude edge staining, necrotic areas and residual endogenous enzyme signal before scoring a chromogenic positive (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best AGPAT4 / 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta IHC Antibodies
A11729 has a human paraffin-section IHC image (IHC caption). Its listed reactivity includes human, mouse and rat (catalog); no IF image is supplied (catalog).
Real IHC data
Anti-LPAAT-delta AGPAT4 Antibody
Cat # A11729
A11729 will render with IHC data from a paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma section (IHC caption). Its listed applications are IHC and WB, and its listed reactivity is human, mouse and rat (catalog).
Which to pick: Choose A11729 for paraffin-section tissue IHC; its image caption reports Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 and an overnight primary incubation at 1:200 (IHC caption). The caption does not report the fixative, and the catalog does not report a clone (IHC caption; catalog). For IF/ICC, A11729 has no listed application or image; for mouse or rat IHC, its reactivity is listed, but the supplied IHC image shows human tissue only (catalog; IHC caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9NRZ5 (PLCD_HUMAN, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta).
- Human Protein Atlas. AGPAT4 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. AGPAT4 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to the nucleoli and vesicles..
- Human Protein Atlas. AGPAT4 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Unraveling the significance of AGPAT4 for the pathogenesis of endometriosis via a multi-omics approach. Human genetics 2024 — PMC11485110.
- The Agpat4/LPA axis in colorectal cancer cells regulates antitumor responses via p38/p65 signaling in macrophages. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2020 — PMC7099097.
- Establishment of a novel experimental model for muscle-invasive bladder cancer using a dog bladder cancer organoid culture. Cancer science 2019 — PMC6726682.
- PubMed PMID:11487472 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12975309 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for AGPAT4 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic IHC; ER membrane protein (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A11729). Validated IHC antibody: A11729 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Bronchus (Respiratory epithelial cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11729); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11729); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A11729); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-AGPAT4, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A11729); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A11729); Caveat: Skeletal myocytes lack IHC staining despite reported high expression (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt); Isoform / epitope: Two isoforms; map the antibody epitope across both (UniProt); Regulation: Staining-related regulation is unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9NRZ5, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to…, Datasheet A11729, PMC11485110, PMC7099097. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/AGPAT4/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.