Dual oxidase 2 Antibodies

Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2)

Generates hydrogen peroxide which is required for the activity of thyroid peroxidase/TPO and lactoperoxidase/LPO. Plays a role in thyroid hormones synthesis and lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defense in the surface of mucosa.

May have its own peroxidase activity through its N-terminal peroxidase-like domainname. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	DUOX2
Uniprot:	Q9NRD8
Entrez:	50506

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

dual oxidase 2; dual oxidase-like domains 2; EC 1.11.1.-; EC 1.6.3.1; flavoprotein NADPH oxidase; Large NOX 2; LNOX2P138(TOX); Long NOX 2; NADH/NADPH thyroid oxidase p138-tox; NADPH oxidase/peroxidase DUOX2; NADPH thyroid oxidase 2; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; NOXEF2; p138 thyroid oxidase; P138-TOX; THOX2TDH6; Thyroid oxidase 2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
175.364 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	15q21.1
Sequence:	15; NC_000015.10 (45092650..45114172, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in colon, small intestine, duodenum and tracheal surface epithelial cells (at protein level). Expressed in thyrocytes. Also detected in kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate, salivary glands, rectum and testis.

Subcellular Localizations

Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction. Localizes to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Localizes on internal membrane structures under resting conditions, translocates to the plasma membrane and cell-cell junctions upon challenge with enteric pathogens, such as Escherichia coli.

Diseases

• Hypothyroidism
• Congenital Hypothyroidism
• Goiter
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Inflammation
• Adenoma
• Carcinoma
• Thyroid Diseases
• Lung Diseases
• Thyroid Neoplasm
• Carcinoma, Papillary
• Intestinal Diseases

• Infective Disorder
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Carcinogenesis
• Colitis
• Adenocarcinoma
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Congenital Goiter

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Localization
• Transport
• Fertilization
• Translation
• Wound Healing
• Methylation
• Immune Response
• Inflammatory Response
• Phagocytosis
• Dna Methylation
• Cell Death
• Rna Interference

• Secretion
• Iodide Transport
• Cell Migration
• Programmed Cell Death
• Proteolysis
• Response To Virus
• Regulation Of Gene Expression

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation
• Iodination
• Methylation

• Biotinylation
• Reduction
• Cleavage
• Oxidation

• Deglycosylation

Research Areas

• Cell Biology
• Lipid and Metabolism
• Neuroscience

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DUOX2

Boster Bio - Best Uses Of The DUOX2 Marker

This bio describes the background and evolution of the DUOX2 marker. Boster who is known as "he who transforms science in the lavatory", has developed a wide range of products, including ELISA kits and primary antibodies. PicoKine (tm) is his company, was the largest catalog antibody company China in the late 1990s. Boster is responsible for the development of the DUOX2 marker, as well as the PicoKine(tm) which is a unique ELISA kits delivery system.

DUOX2 Marker

The DUOX2 protein encodes a protein that can be detected using indirect immunofluorescence, as well as in situ hybridization. In the living environment, DUOX suppresses early systemic spread of epithelial-invasive pathogens. DUOX2-mediated, H2O2 supports endocytosis. It co-localizes with the bacterial pattern recognition receptor NOD2 and its associated protein ATG16L1.

The DUOX2 gene expression is controlled by the interaction between microbiota and mucosa. This means that DUOX2 is a potential marker of mucosal health in early-stage IBD. The colonic mucosa comprises by a single layer of epithelial cells. It acts as a barrier to protect against potentially harmful pathogens. It also provides spatial separation , which allows for an adequate defense response from the innate.

The DUOX2 gene has many uses. One study revealed that a very early-onset UC patient had a variant of the gene that was associated with pancolitis. Another study demonstrated that DUOX2 is associated with a poor genotype-phenotype correlation. It can also be used to assess the severity of CH and LT4 requirement. It can also be helpful for predicting LT4 requirements and functional impairment in patients with an underlying metabolic disorder.

DUOX2 is involved in innate immune responses, and research has suggested that it may be linked with the inflammatory bowel disease. This enzyme is found in a variety of cell types, including the gastrointestinal and intestinal. It is associated with an increased level of expression in humans with dysbiosis, such as inflamed bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The role it plays in skin diseases isn't fully understood.

A truncated form of DUOX2 protein is linked to the DUOX2 genes. This mutation may affect the thyroxine levels. It is also associated with a high level of thyrotropin. In the same study, a mother who was carrying the DUOX2 gene in her pregnancy was diagnosed with hypothyroidism soon after childbirth.

Although the structure of DUOX2 remains poorly understood its function in the immune system is well known. Both DUOXA2 and DUOX2 interact with one another. These proteins were transiently transferred into HeLa cells. For five hours, the cells were infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

DUOX2

Although the best uses for DUOX2 aren't fully understood, some research suggests that it could be involved in IBD susceptibility. IBD is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that result from a breakdown of the homeostatic link between the host immune system and the gut microbiota.

Human plasma is enriched with IL-17C which is the expression of the DUOX2 gene. The DUOX2 protein can be expressed as a geometric ratio in comparison to the total study group. This gene expression is associated with inflammation. The results presented in this article were derived from a huge population of people carrying one DUOX2 variant. The data were then examined in a massive study that involved several thousands of individuals.

DUOX2 expression was highest in the tip of the ileum and the crypt area of the colon. DuOX2 expression was not detected in the mesenchymal portion of the ileum which is made up of fibroblasts, immune cells, and the ilium's tip. However it is known that the DUOX2 gene's expression level is strongly linked to susceptibility to disease in populations such as Ashkenazi Jews and non-Finnish Europeans.

Researchers used flow cytometry to determine the relative DUOX2 protein expression in the plasma membrane. Accuri C6 flowcytometers were used to conduct the test. The data were analyzed using the FlowJo v10.5.3 program. These data were then analyzed and normalized using the DUOX2 gene expression model. The relative levels of DUOX2 expression in plasma membranes were adjusted to account for the number of EGFP positive cells in the experiment.

Although the gene can be expressed in many tissues, its primary function is to protect the body from infection. The expression of IL-17c is found in intestinal epithelial cells. DUOX2 is not expressed in lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, DUOX2 is found in the colon and in the ileum, two areas which are not immune-suppressed.

Infographics DuoX2

DUOX2 is a protein found on the chromosome 15q15.3 that is involved in the production of H2O2 using Ca2+/reduced Niotinamide Adenine Dinucleo (NADPH). This enzyme is made up of seven putative transmembrane domains as well as two EF-hand motifs that regulate its enzymatic activities. It is vital for the production of thyroid hormones that regulate the rate at which chemical reactions occur within the body.

Mutations in DUOX2 can cause organification to be impaired. CHX chase experiments also demonstrated that mutant DUOX2 proteins were more likely to break down than wild-type DUOX2. This suggests that DUOX2 mutations could be the reason for organification's decline. This information can be used to devise individualized treatments and cures for CH. DUOX2 mutations are a genetic risk factor for TD.

The mutation screening of DUOX2 in 10 patients that are not related identified two novel and one well-known missense mutations in two cases. The novel missense mutation causes an arginine-to-tryptophan mutation at codon 354 in exon 10, and the missense mutation is believed to cause alanine to threonine substitution at codon 1206 in exon 28. Eight of the patients had an mutation. Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 software and Sorting patients with intolerant traits from those with tolerant ones identified these mutations as having a deleterious effect in the affected individuals.