T cell receptor delta joining 1 (TRDJ1)

J region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) delta series that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma-delta TRs recognize an assortment of foreign and self non-peptide antigens frequently expressed in the boundaries between the host and outside environment, including endogenous lipids introduced by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens introduced by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1.

Binding of gamma-delta TR complicated to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains from the LCK and FYN kinases, permitting the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, leading to calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately resulting in T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089).