T cell receptor gamma constant 2 (TRGC2)

Constant region of T cell receptor (TR) gamma chain that engages in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma- delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed in the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids introduced by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens introduced by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1.

Binding of gamma-delta TR complicated to antigen activates phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, permitting the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, finally resulting in T cell growth and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089).