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ADCY7 / Adenylate cyclase type 7 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ADCY7
Use kidney tubules and pancreatic exocrine cells as high staining reference tissues for ADCY7 IHC (HPA tissue IHC). Start the IHC-validated antibody at 1:100–1:300 (datasheet), and interpret staining cautiously because HPA rates tissue IHC reliability uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ADCY7 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); membrane protein (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in kidney tubules and pancreatic exocrine cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Kidney+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining and RNA expression show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation not specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; epitope side matters across 12 transmembrane spans (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ADCY7 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by one published ADCY7 IHC workflow using paraffin sections (PMC8919236).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human brain tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11384) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11384); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ADCY7, 1:100-1:300 (datasheet A11384) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ADCY7-positive staining in cells in tubules of kidney (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in selected tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen-retrieval rule); the published workflow reports sodium citrate at 95 °C (PMC8919236).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ADCY7 Staining Pattern?
ADCY7 is a 12-pass membrane protein with substantial cytoplasmic regions (UniProt P51828 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, HPA reports cytoplasmic staining, high in kidney tubule cells and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, and medium in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat these as comparison patterns rather than definitive controls: tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression have low consistency (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Strong cytoplasmic staining in kidney tubule cells or pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, with identifiable cell boundaries. | This resembles the reported high IHC signal in those specific cell populations (HPA: kidney tubule cells High; pancreas exocrine glandular cells High). Record the proportion of stained cells and where stain lies within them. The match supports interpretation but does not establish specificity, because HPA rates the tissue IHC profile Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
| A dominant nuclear-only pattern, or staining without a discernible cytoplasmic or membrane-associated component. | This does not match the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile) or membrane localization (UniProt P51828 topology). Check the negative reagent control and reassess whether the visible signal belongs to the intended cells before scoring ADCY7. Nuclear-only staining alone is insufficient evidence for a new ADCY7 location. |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or alveolar cells while the expected cell populations remain faint. | HPA reports ADCY7 as Not detected in adipocytes and alveolar cells (HPA: adipose tissue adipocytes Not detected; lung alveolar cells Not detected). Such a distribution raises concern for cross-reactivity or detection-related signal; it does not prove either cause. Compare cell identity, morphology and reagent controls before assigning the stain to ADCY7. |
| Brown signal spreads across cells, connective tissue and empty spaces, obscuring individual cell outlines. | Diffuse deposit cannot be scored reliably as cellular ADCY7 staining. Examine a negative reagent control and the detection chemistry for nonspecific background (general IHC practice). HPA describes staining in selected cells, not a uniform tissue-wide deposit (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| No visible signal in kidney tubule cells and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells. | The absence conflicts with HPA's reported high staining in those cells (HPA: kidney tubule cells High; pancreas exocrine glandular cells High). Review the section, retrieval, antibody application and detection controls as general IHC checks. Because HPA calls its tissue profile Uncertain, a negative result cannot by itself establish assay failure or absence of ADCY7. |
💡Expected ADCY7 appearanceA plausible positive is cell-associated cytoplasmic staining, potentially near cell boundaries, strongest in kidney tubule or pancreatic exocrine glandular cells (HPA: those cells High; UniProt P51828 topology); isolated nuclear stain or diffuse deposit is a suspect result, particularly given Uncertain tissue IHC reliability (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Topology and tissue compartment | Twelve transmembrane segments anchor ADCY7, while two long regions are cytoplasmic (UniProt P51828 topology); HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue IHC staining (HPA: tissue IHC profile). A cytoplasmic-looking chromogenic result can therefore be assessed alongside membrane biology without requiring a sharply outlined cell border. |
| Strength of tissue evidence | Kidney tubule and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells are reported High, whereas bone-marrow hematopoietic and cerebellar Purkinje cells are Medium (HPA: tissue IHC). These are observed staining levels, not guaranteed intensities in a new section; HPA rates the overall tissue IHC profile Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
| Antibody validation | The listed tissue-IHC antibody HPA048241 has IHC status Uncertain; HPA041218 has ICC status Approved but no listed IHC status (HPA: antibody validation). Do not transfer ICC approval to paraffin-section IHC or treat agreement with one stained tissue as independent validation. |
| Epitope and retrieval | ADCY7 has cytoplasmic and transmembrane regions (UniProt P51828 topology), but these sources give no epitope position or target-specific retrieval or fixation response. Select and document retrieval conditions using the chosen antibody's IHC instructions, then interpret any change as an assay observation, not an established ADCY7 property (general IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney tubules or pancreatic exocrine cells are unstained. | The assay may have weak detection, or the observed tissue pattern may not reproduce; HPA's tissue IHC rating is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). | Check section quality, antibody application, retrieval and chromogenic detection with appropriate controls; document which cell population was assessed (general IHC practice; HPA: kidney tubule and pancreatic exocrine cells High). |
| Nuclei dominate the chromogenic signal. | A nuclear-only result conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic IHC profile and membrane topology (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt P51828 topology). | Inspect cell boundaries and a negative reagent control, then withhold an ADCY7-positive score until the cellular location is resolved (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or lung alveolar cells stain strongly. | These named populations are reported Not detected; cross-reactivity or detection background is possible, not established (HPA: adipocytes Not detected; alveolar cells Not detected). | Confirm the stained cell type and compare negative reagent controls and a reported positive cell population on the same staining run (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Brown precipitate is widespread or obscures cell detail. | Diffuse background can reflect nonspecific reagent binding or, with peroxidase-based detection, endogenous activity (general IHC practice). | Review blocking and the negative reagent control; if using peroxidase detection, check its endogenous-activity control before adjusting detection conditions (general IHC practice). |
| A membrane rim is absent despite cytoplasmic staining. | HPA reports cytoplasmic tissue IHC staining, while UniProt describes a membrane protein; a crisp rim is not a stated tissue-IHC requirement (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt P51828 topology). | Score identifiable cells and cytoplasmic distribution, then compare the reported positive cell types; do not reject a result solely for lacking a rim (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Q: Can IF/ICC localization settle an ambiguous IHC result? | HPA approves plasma-membrane localization in ICC-IF, with additional vesicles and rods & rings, but the listed IHC antibody has Uncertain IHC status (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: antibody validation). | A: Use IF/ICC localization as context only. Resolve paraffin-section IHC through its own cell pattern and controls; ICC approval does not validate an IHC stain (HPA: antibody validation; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ADCY7 staining
A11384 · IHCImmunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue, using ADCY7 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the sy
A11384 · IFImmunofluorescence analysis of NIH/3T3 cells, using ADCY7 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the synthesized peptide.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000121281-ADCY7/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_13519247
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000121281-ADCY7/tissue/colon#imid_13519173
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000121281-ADCY7/tissue/liver#imid_13519158
HPA · PancreasHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Pancreas. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000121281-ADCY7/tissue/pancreas#imid_13519125
HPA · ICC-IF HaCaTHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HaCaT, antibody HPA041218; green = ADCY7, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HaCaTHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HaCaT, antibody HPA041218; green = ADCY7, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ADCY7 IHC & IF
🧪Run kidney first: cells in tubules should stain (HPA: High in kidney tubular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); cells outside the stained tubules on the kidney slide should remain at background, with their identity checked before treating them as internal negatives.
Positive control tissue: Kidney (Cells in tubules, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ADCY7 in HaCaT, PC-3, U2OS, KOLF2.1J, with annotated localisation: Plasma membrane (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species, immunoglobulin class and clonality. Use ADCY7 knockout tissue or peptide blocking as a biological specificity control (selected A11384 caption: staining blocked with synthesized peptide); for chromogenic kidney IHC, quench endogenous peroxidase and check background in tubular structures.
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the fixative is unreported in the selected A11384 paraffin-section caption (selected A11384 caption: paraffin-embedded human brain tissue). Antigen-retrieval dependence is unreported; optimize retrieval empirically for IHC. The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier; IF can assess plasma-membrane localization (HPA subcellular: plasma membrane approved), with kidney autofluorescence checked using an unstained section.
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ADCY7
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Pancreas | Exocrine glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Squamous epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ADCY7 IHC Tips
Use membrane aware controls and cell resolved scoring when interpreting ADCY7 staining in paraffin sections (UniProt P51828 topology; HPA tissue IHC reliability: Uncertain).
How should I retrieve ADCY7 in paraffin sections when staining is weak?
Start with citrate pH 6.0 heat induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule for membrane antigens). Cool sections consistently, then compare retrieved and untreated sections with the same antibody dilution and detection settings (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a more alkaline retrieval buffer as a fallback on adjacent sections, watching for tissue damage and increased background (standard IHC practice). Score membrane associated and cytoplasmic signal separately because ADCY7 has 12 transmembrane segments and large cytoplasmic regions, while HPA tissue staining is described as cytoplasmic (UniProt P51828 topology; HPA tissue IHC profile).
Could fixation explain variable ADCY7 staining between paraffin blocks?
Target specific ADCY7 sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the A11384 paraffin tissue caption does not state a fixative (A11384 tissue IHC caption). Record each block’s fixative and fixation duration, then compare similarly processed sections before attributing differences to antigen abundance (standard IHC practice). Apply the same citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min across that comparison (page retrieval rule for membrane antigens). Include a tissue section with a previously reproducible staining pattern in each run, and interpret changes cautiously because HPA rates tissue IHC consistency as Uncertain (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC reliability).
What subcellular staining pattern should I accept for ADCY7?
Assess cell borders and nearby cytoplasm separately: ADCY7 is annotated as a membrane protein with 12 transmembrane segments (UniProt P51828 topology). HPA subcellular data place it mainly at the plasma membrane, with additional vesicle and rods and rings localisation, whereas its tissue IHC profile describes cytoplasmic staining (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC profile). In chromogenic sections, compare the distribution across intact cells rather than calling diffuse brown deposits a membrane pattern (standard IHC practice). Document compartment and cell type together, and treat a new pattern as provisional until it reproduces with appropriate controls because HPA tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC reliability).
How can epitope position affect ADCY7 IHC staining?
Map the antibody’s stated immunogen onto ADCY7 before adjusting retrieval: the supplied record annotates no isoforms, but does not specify this antibody’s epitope (UniProt P51828 isoforms; A11384 tissue IHC caption). ADCY7 has cytoplasmic regions at residues 197–594 and 815–1080, alongside 12 membrane spans, so epitope accessibility may depend on its position (UniProt P51828 topology; standard IHC practice). Its annotated glycosylation sites are 701, 776 and 781; those annotations alone do not establish an effect on this antibody’s staining (UniProt P51828 glycosylation). The A11384 caption reports peptide blocked staining in paraffin embedded human brain tissue; use that comparison as antibody competition evidence, alongside independent cellular and compartment controls (A11384 tissue IHC caption; standard IHC practice).
How should IF help verify ADCY7 localisation seen by chromogenic IHC?
Use IF as a separate localisation check, multiplexing ADCY7 with a validated marker for the cell type being assessed rather than inferring identity from brown IHC signal alone (standard IF practice). Select spectrally separated fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence and include single stain controls when assigning overlapping signals (standard IF practice). If the antibody epitope lies in one of ADCY7’s cytoplasmic regions, optimise permeabilisation for access to that side of the membrane; the supplied caption does not identify the epitope (UniProt P51828 topology; A11384 tissue IHC caption; standard IF practice). Compare IF border and vesicle patterns with HPA’s approved plasma membrane and vesicle localisations, while keeping IHC retrieval conditions specific to the paraffin workflow (HPA subcellular; page retrieval rule).
How do I reduce diffuse ADCY7 chromogenic background?
First inspect a no primary antibody section to identify signal from detection reagents, and block endogenous peroxidase before chromogen development (standard IHC practice). Titrate the catalog antibody and detection incubation while holding citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min constant (standard IHC practice; page retrieval rule). If diffuse color persists, review blocking, wash stringency and DAB development time on adjacent sections rather than treating every cytoplasmic deposit as ADCY7 (standard IHC practice). The A11384 image includes a synthesized peptide blocked comparison, but HPA rates tissue IHC reliability Uncertain; require a reproducible cell and compartment pattern as well (A11384 tissue IHC caption; HPA tissue IHC reliability; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify ADCY7 across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, then record percent positive cells and staining intensity with a consistent threshold across slides (standard IHC practice). An H score can combine intensity with the percent of cells at each intensity; alternatively report positive cells per mm² when cell density differs (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of evaluable cells or evaluable tissue area, and use matched acquisition, DAB development and counterstain conditions (standard IHC practice). Report membrane associated and cytoplasmic scores separately because UniProt annotates ADCY7 as membrane bound while HPA describes cytoplasmic tissue staining and rates its consistency Uncertain (UniProt P51828 topology; HPA tissue IHC profile and reliability).
When is an ADCY7 positive IHC signal convincing?
Look for reproducible staining in intact, identifiable cells with a plausible membrane associated or cytoplasmic distribution, then compare adjacent negative controls (UniProt P51828 topology; HPA tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in kidney tubular cells and pancreatic exocrine glandular cells, but labels overall tissue IHC reliability Uncertain (HPA tissue IHC). Treat staining confined to section edges, necrotic areas or no primary controls as potential artefact, including residual endogenous enzyme signal (standard IHC practice). The A11384 paraffin brain caption reports peptide blocked staining, which supports antibody competition in that image; it does not by itself establish specificity in every cell type (A11384 tissue IHC caption; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best ADCY7 / Adenylate cyclase type 7 IHC Antibodies
A11384 has IHC imagery from paraffin-embedded human brain tissue and IF imagery from NIH/3T3 cells (image captions); the catalog lists Human and Mouse reactivity (catalog: A11384).
Real IHC data
Anti-A Cyclase VII ADCY7 Antibody
Cat # A11384
A11384 is listed for IHC and IF, with Human and Mouse reactivity (catalog: A11384). Its IHC image shows paraffin-embedded human brain tissue, while its IF image shows NIH/3T3 cells (image captions: A11384).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A11384: its own image documents staining in paraffin-embedded human brain tissue, and the listed IHC dilution is 1:100–1:300 (IHC image caption and datasheet: A11384). For cell IF, choose A11384 based on its NIH/3T3 image and listed IF dilution of 1:200–1:1000; its polyclonal format and Human/Mouse reactivity also make it the catalog choice for evaluating both species (IF image caption and catalog: A11384). The IHC caption does not report a fixative or document mouse tissue staining (IHC image caption: A11384).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P51828 (ADCY7_HUMAN, Adenylate cyclase type 7).
- Human Protein Atlas. ADCY7 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. ADCY7 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to vesicles and rods & rings..
- Human Protein Atlas. ADCY7 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- ADCY7 dictates N-cadherin stability to inhibit HCC metastasis. JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology 2026 — PMC13158412.
- An osteoarthritis subtype characterized by synovial lipid metabolism disorder and fibroblast-like synoviocyte dysfunction. Journal of orthopaedic translation 2022 — PMC8919236.
- PubMed PMID:7584026 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15616553 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ADCY7 (Adenylate cyclase type 7). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); membrane protein (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A11384 at 1:100-1:300 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Kidney (Cells in tubules); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human brain tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A11384); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A11384); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ADCY7, 1:100-1:300 (datasheet A11384); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody staining and RNA expression show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; epitope side matters across 12 transmembrane spans (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation not specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P51828, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the plasma membrane. In addition localized to…, Datasheet A11384, PMC8919236. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ADCY7/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.