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ADGRL1 / Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ADGRL1
Plan ADGRL1 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s 1:50–1:300 IHC dilution range (datasheet A30832). This guide covers tissue staining patterns and control selection while accounting for the uncertain reliability of HPA tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ADGRL1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Membranous and cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Glandular cells in several tissues: membranous and cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A30832) | |
| Positive control | Breast+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No target-specific regulator reported (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; check whether the epitope is extracellular or cytoplasmic (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ADGRL1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody has an IHC-P protocol (datasheet A30832); the published protocol below stains rat brain sections with chromogenic immunoperoxidase (PMC13038874 methods).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human meningioma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A30832) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A30832); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A30832); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ADGRL1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A30832) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ADGRL1-positive staining in glandular cells of breast (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Membranous and cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, including cerebral cortex. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteFor paraffin sections, start with heat-mediated Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 (datasheet A30832); the rat section protocol does not state retrieval (PMC13038874 methods).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ADGRL1 Staining Pattern?
ADGRL1 is a seven-pass membrane receptor reported at the cell surface, axons, growth cones and presynaptic sites (UniProt O94910 localization and topology). In paraffin-section IHC, look for membranous staining, with possible cytoplasmic staining, in HPA-reported positive cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Treat tissue predictions cautiously: HPA rates the IHC pattern Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression have low consistency (HPA: reliability).
| Membranous staining, with some cytoplasmic staining, in breast or duodenal glandular cells. | This matches the reported compartment pattern and cells scored High in those tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). Membrane localization is biologically plausible for a seven-pass receptor (UniProt O94910 topology). A matching image supports interpretation but is not definitive validation because HPA rates the IHC evidence Uncertain (HPA: reliability). |
| Low staining in cerebral cortex neuropil or cerebellar Purkinje cells. | A weak result can fit the reported IHC pattern: both populations are scored Low (HPA: tissue IHC). Neuropil staining is compatible with the reported axonal and synaptic localization (UniProt O94910 localization). Avoid requiring strong neuronal staining solely because brain RNA is tissue enhanced; HPA reports low consistency between staining and RNA (HPA: RNA specificity and reliability). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, without a discernible membrane-associated pattern. | Nuclear localization is outside the supplied ADGRL1 localization record (UniProt O94910 localization; HPA: tissue IHC profile). Consider nonspecific staining or detection artefact, especially if the pattern persists in controls (general IHC practice). Cytoplasmic staining alone is less decisive because HPA also reports a cytoplasmic component (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| Strong signal in adipocytes or bone-marrow hematopoietic cells. | These populations are scored Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Check cross-reactivity and endogenous detection activity with appropriate controls (general IHC practice). Their HPA-negative status is a warning sign, not proof that every stained cell is false positive, given the Uncertain antibody-level IHC assessment (HPA: HPA037974 IHC; HPA: reliability). |
| Diffuse chromogen across cells and tissue spaces, or no signal in a section expected to stain. | Diffuse background obscures the reported membranous and cytoplasmic distribution (HPA: tissue IHC profile). An absent signal in an HPA High population warrants a technical check, but one negative section cannot establish absent ADGRL1: the tissue calls have Uncertain reliability (HPA: positive tissue list and reliability). |
💡Expected ADGRL1 appearanceA plausible positive is membrane-associated chromogenic staining, possibly with cytoplasmic signal, in HPA High glandular or other listed cells; diffuse field-wide or dominant nuclear staining is suspect, and intensity calls remain provisional (HPA: tissue IHC profile and Uncertain reliability; UniProt O94910 topology).
| Membrane topology and compartment | Seven transmembrane segments support membrane-associated interpretation (UniProt O94910 topology). HPA also reports cytoplasmic staining, so score membrane and cytoplasmic components separately rather than treating every cytoplasmic signal as an artefact (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| Extracellular processing and unknown antibody epitope | ADGRL1 forms a heterodimer with a large extracellular region non-covalently linked to a seven-transmembrane moiety (UniProt O94910 subunit). The supplied record does not locate the IHC antibody epitope; do not infer which moiety a stained section detects or interpret a negative result as loss of one moiety. |
| Tissue selection and evidence strength | Breast glandular cells and kidney tubule cells are scored High, whereas adipocytes and bone-marrow hematopoietic cells are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). These provide comparison regions, subject to HPA's Uncertain reliability and low staining–RNA consistency (HPA: reliability). |
| Antigen retrieval | Use a controlled retrieval condition and compare it across sections as general paraffin-IHC practice. No ADGRL1-specific retrieval requirement or fixation sensitivity is established by the supplied UniProt and HPA records; do not assign a tissue result to retrieval alone. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No signal in breast or duodenal glandular cells. | These cells are scored High, so failed staining or detection is possible; HPA's IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC and reliability). | Check section integrity, retrieval, primary incubation and detection with a run control; compare another HPA High population before calling ADGRL1 absent (general IHC practice; HPA: positive tissue list). |
| Only diffuse background is visible. | Nonlocalized chromogen may reflect incomplete blocking, washing or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice). | Review blocking and washes, and run a no-primary control; judge any remaining signal against the reported membrane and cytoplasmic profile (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| Staining is mainly nuclear. | The supplied localization places ADGRL1 at membranes, projections and synaptic sites, not nuclei (UniProt O94910 localization). | Compare a no-primary control and examine whether membrane-associated staining survives background reduction before scoring the result as ADGRL1 (general IHC practice; UniProt O94910 localization). |
| Strong signal appears in an HPA Not detected cell population. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible; the reference tissue calls are themselves uncertain (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC and reliability). | Check controls and compare cell types within the same section; report the discrepancy rather than treating the HPA negative call as absolute (general IHC practice; HPA: reliability). |
| Cerebral cortex neuropil looks weaker than a glandular comparator. | Neuropil is scored Low, while several glandular populations are scored High (HPA: tissue IHC). | Score each cell population against its own reported level; do not raise chromogen development solely to force equally strong staining (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Can an ICC/IF membrane image confirm this paraffin-IHC result? | HPA lists a membrane summary but no available main-location assignment or ICC/IF cell-line images (HPA: subcellular record). | Use membrane localization as a biological expectation (UniProt O94910 localization); assess ICC/IF on its separate guide page and do not treat the supplied HPA record as image-based ICC/IF validation. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ADGRL1 staining
A30832 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human meningioma. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was u
A30832 · IFImmunofluorescence analysis of LOVO cells, using LPHN1 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the synthesized peptide.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072071-ADGRL1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_9066508
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072071-ADGRL1/tissue/colon#imid_9066426
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072071-ADGRL1/tissue/liver#imid_9066419
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072071-ADGRL1/tissue/kidney#imid_9066420
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ADGRL1 IHC & IF
🧪Run breast first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in breast glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the breast slide, adipocytes, if present, should show only background staining (HPA: Not detected in adipose-tissue adipocytes).
Positive control tissue: Breast (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for ADGRL1; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host-species- and clonality-matched isotype controls, plus ADGRL1-knockout tissue as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase and check background in the breast section before interpreting chromogenic staining (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: The selected-SKU paraffin-section caption reports Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 and a 1:200 primary dilution overnight at 4°C; retrieval dependence and a target-specific fixation window are unreported, and the fixative is unreported (selected-SKU caption). Neither frozen sections nor IF/ICC can be judged easier from the supplied evidence (selected-SKU caption: paraffin IHC only; HPA subcellular: no ICC-IF cell-line images). In breast, inspect any adjacent adipocytes for background that could obscure the glandular-cell signal (HPA: High in breast glandular cells; Not detected in adipose-tissue adipocytes).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ADGRL1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ADGRL1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ADGRL1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cellular pattern, controls and scoring against the documented IHC conditions (caption A30832).
Which retrieval conditions should I try first when ADGRL1 staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for antigen retrieval in paraffin sections (datasheet A30832). The selected image used primary antibody at 1:200 overnight at 4 °C, so retain those conditions while troubleshooting retrieval (caption A30832). If signal remains weak, vary heating time and cooling consistently across matched sections; test another buffer only as a fallback (standard IHC practice). Check whether stronger retrieval improves plausible membrane-associated staining without producing comparable signal in a no-primary control (UniProt O94910 localisation; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain inconsistent ADGRL1 staining between section batches?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity for ADGRL1 is unknown because the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption A30832). Keep fixation method and duration consistent across sections, and document both before comparing staining between batches (standard IHC practice). Use Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0, primary antibody at 1:200 and incubation overnight at 4 °C as matched starting conditions (caption A30832). If batches differ, process paired sections together and inspect a no-primary control before assigning the difference to fixation (standard IHC practice).
How should I assess membrane and cytoplasmic ADGRL1 staining?
Prioritise membrane-associated staining when judging whether the pattern fits ADGRL1, which is annotated at the cell surface and presynaptic membrane (UniProt O94910 localisation). Staining in axons, growth cones and synaptic regions can also be plausible where those structures are present (UniProt O94910 localisation). Cytoplasmic staining has been reported alongside membranous staining in tissue IHC, but that profile has uncertain reliability because staining and RNA data show low consistency (HPA tissue IHC). Score membrane and cytoplasmic signal separately, and compare each with morphology and a no-primary control before assigning positivity (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
How could epitope position change the ADGRL1 IHC pattern?
ADGRL1 has 2 annotated isoforms and a large extracellular region spanning residues 25–858 (UniProt O94910 isoforms; UniProt O94910 topology). Its cytoplasmic tail spans residues 1097–1474, while the extracellular region remains noncovalently associated with the seven-transmembrane moiety after processing (UniProt O94910 topology; UniProt O94910 subunit). Because the catalog antibody’s epitope is not specified here, do not assign its staining to either side of the membrane (supplied antibody evidence). Check the immunogen location before interpreting a discordant pattern, and compare staining under identical retrieval conditions across adjacent sections (standard IHC practice).
How should I investigate ADGRL1 signal by multiplex IF?
For a separate IF experiment, pair ADGRL1 with a marker identifying the cells under study and assess whether the signals occupy the expected cellular structures (standard IF practice; UniProt O94910 localisation). Choose a fluorophore channel with little tissue autofluorescence, and include an unstained section to distinguish autofluorescence from antibody signal (standard IF practice). Permeabilisation depends on epitope position: an extracellular epitope may remain accessible without it, whereas the cytoplasmic tail at residues 1097–1474 generally requires access through the membrane (UniProt O94910 topology; standard IF practice). Confirm the antibody epitope before selecting that condition; the supplied 1:200 dilution comes from paraffin IHC, not IF validation (caption A30832).
What controls help explain diffuse or widespread chromogenic staining?
First inspect a no-primary control for staining attributable to the detection system, and check whether incomplete endogenous peroxidase blocking could contribute to DAB signal (standard IHC practice). Compare background in matched sections before changing the documented 1:200 primary dilution or Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 (caption A30832; standard IHC practice). Tissue patterns alone are an uncertain specificity check because the reported ADGRL1 staining has low consistency with RNA data (HPA tissue IHC). Record whether background concentrates at section edges, damaged areas or every cell, then adjust blocking, washing or detection conditions one variable at a time (standard IHC practice).
How can I quantify ADGRL1 IHC across specimens? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cellular compartment and eligible tissue area before scoring, and keep those definitions fixed across specimens (standard IHC practice). For cells with interpretable boundaries, report the percentage positive and an H-score from 0–300 using the same intensity thresholds for every section (standard IHC practice). For processes or diffuse neuropil signal, measure positive area or signal density per mm² of annotated tissue rather than counting indistinct cells (HPA tissue IHC: low cerebral cortex neuropil staining; standard IHC practice). Normalise to viable tissue area or the relevant cell population, and report membrane and cytoplasmic scores separately (standard IHC practice).
What distinguishes plausible ADGRL1 positivity from section artefact?
A plausible positive pattern follows cell membranes or neural processes, consistent with ADGRL1 localisation at the cell surface, axons and presynaptic sites (UniProt O94910 localisation). Check that stained cells fit the tissue context; reported high staining includes kidney tubular cells, whereas adipocytes were not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Treat edge-only staining, necrotic areas and signal reproduced in a no-primary control as possible artefacts, including endogenous enzyme signal in chromogenic detection (standard IHC practice). Interpret isolated cytoplasmic staining cautiously because tissue IHC reports both membrane and cytoplasmic signal but assigns the overall profile uncertain reliability (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best ADGRL1 / Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 IHC Antibodies
A30832 has an IHC image from paraffin-embedded human meningioma and an IF image from LOVO cells (catalog image captions); its listed reactivity covers human, mouse and rat (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-LPHN1 ADGRL1 Antibody
Cat # A30832
A30832 lists IHC and shows staining of paraffin-embedded human meningioma (catalog applications; IHC image caption). A30832 also has an IF image of LOVO cells, although IF is absent from its listed applications (IF image caption; catalog applications).
Which to pick: Choose A30832 for paraffin-section IHC because its own caption documents that preparation; the fixative is unreported (A30832 IHC image caption). For IF/ICC, A30832 offers an IF image in LOVO cells, but IF/ICC is not a listed application (A30832 IF image caption; catalog applications). A30832 is the only cross-species candidate here: this rabbit polyclonal lists human, mouse and rat reactivity, while its IHC image documents a human sample only (catalog host, clonality and reactivity; A30832 IHC image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O94910 (AGRL1_HUMAN, Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1).
- Human Protein Atlas. ADGRL1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. ADGRL1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Membrane.
- Human Protein Atlas. ADGRL1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Teneurin-2 and related proteins in reactive astrocytes after status epilepticus induction in adult rats. Frontiers in neuroscience 2025 — PMC13038874.
- Association of Cell Adhesion Molecules Contactin-6 and Latrophilin-1 Regulates Neuronal Apoptosis. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2016 — PMC5156884.
- Role of Latrophilin-1 and Latrophilin-2 as Downstream Effectors of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Urothelial Tumorigenesis. Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) 2026 — PMC13370665.
- PubMed PMID:10048485 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15144186 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ADGRL1 (Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1). Expected localisation Membranous and cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A30832). Validated IHC antibody: A30832 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Breast (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human meningioma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A30832); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A30832); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (datasheet A30832); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ADGRL1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:200 (datasheet A30832); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; check whether the epitope is extracellular or cytoplasmic (UniProt); Regulation: No target-specific regulator reported (UniProt; HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt O94910, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · Membrane, Datasheet A30832, PMC13038874. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ADGRL1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.