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CDK10 / Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CDK10
Plan chromogenic CDK10 IHC in paraffin sections using the general cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). HPA reports high staining in liver hepatocytes and no detection in heart cardiomyocytes, but rates its tissue IHC evidence uncertain pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CDK10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in glandular cells and hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Cerebellum+3 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06507) | |
| Caveat | Staining–RNA consistency is medium; verification is pending (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is unannotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 7 isoforms; check epitope coverage before comparing them (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CDK10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by three published CDK10 IHC protocols (PMC5604441; PMC4513615; PMC10879231).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06507) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06507); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CDK10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06507) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CDK10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). EDTA pH 8.0 is a published alternative (PMC10879231).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CDK10 Staining Pattern?
CDK10 is annotated in the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15131). In paraffin tissue sections, expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in cell populations reported as positive, including liver hepatocytes and colon glandular cells (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in those cells). Treat the pattern as provisional: tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain, with medium agreement between staining and RNA data (HPA: Uncertain).
| Cytoplasmic staining is prominent in hepatocytes or colon glandular cells, with interpretable cell boundaries. | This matches the reported compartment and two High staining populations (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in liver hepatocytes and colon glandular cells). Compare cells within the section before assigning intensity; the HPA profile has Uncertain reliability (HPA: Uncertain). |
| Signal is exclusively nuclear, with little or no cytoplasmic staining in the same cells. | An exclusively nuclear result conflicts with the supplied location evidence (UniProt Q15131: cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Check counterstain alignment and detection controls; an unexpected compartment can reflect artefact or antibody cross-reactivity (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in cardiomyocytes or cerebellar granular layer cells. | Those populations were reported as Not detected (HPA: cardiomyocytes and cerebellar granular layer cells). Investigate antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity before calling them CDK10 positive (standard IHC practice). A discordant result warrants checking because the HPA tissue profile remains Uncertain (HPA: Uncertain). |
| Chromogen is spread across tissue or empty areas without a clear cell pattern. | Diffuse background cannot establish cytoplasmic CDK10 localisation (standard IHC practice; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Review the no-primary control, blocking and detection steps; background may obscure a real cell-associated signal (standard IHC practice). |
| No staining is visible in an adequately preserved liver or colon section. | Absence in reported High populations weakens confidence in this run (HPA: High in liver hepatocytes and colon glandular cells). Check the positive control and staining workflow before interpreting other tissues as negative (standard IHC practice). HPA's Uncertain rating also limits certainty about any individual specimen (HPA: Uncertain). |
💡Expected CDK10 appearanceA plausible positive shows predominantly cytoplasmic chromogen in reported High populations such as hepatocytes or colon glandular cells (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High in those cells), while isolated nuclear signal, acellular deposit or strong staining in reported Not detected populations calls for investigation (UniProt Q15131: subcellular location; HPA: cardiomyocytes Not detected; standard IHC practice).
| Compartment and topology (UniProt Q15131) | CDK10 has no transmembrane segment and is annotated in the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body (UniProt Q15131). Use the broad cytoplasmic IHC pattern as the practical tissue expectation (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression); basal-body staining is a possible location, not an established paraffin-section readout (UniProt Q15131; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). |
| Tissue and antibody evidence (HPA: Uncertain) | The tissue profile reports High staining in several populations but only medium agreement with RNA expression; external verification is pending (HPA: Uncertain). HPA007451 is rated Uncertain for IHC (HPA: HPA007451 IHC Uncertain). Treat control tissues as comparison points, not proof of specificity (standard IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and modification (UniProt Q15131) | Seven isoforms and a reported phosphothreonine at residue 196 are annotated (UniProt Q15131: isoforms 1–7; modified residue 196). The supplied evidence does not identify an antibody epitope or show whether these features alter IHC staining; avoid explaining discordant staining by either feature without antibody-specific evidence. |
| IF/ICC: where should signal appear? | Cytoplasmic signal is the location to assess first (UniProt Q15131: cytoplasm; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). The HPA subcellular record supplies no main location or ICC-IF images, and HPA007451 has no ICC validation status. Treat any finer IF/ICC localisation as unconfirmed. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The reported positive tissue has no visible signal. | A failed staining or detection step is possible (standard IHC practice); liver hepatocytes and colon glandular cells were reported High (HPA: High). | Review the positive control, antibody application, detection reagents and counterstain on the same run (standard IHC practice). Repeat with the IHC-validated antibody's documented conditions if a run control failed (standard IHC practice). |
| Staining is nuclear only. | The observed compartment disagrees with the supplied cytoplasmic location evidence (UniProt Q15131: cytoplasm; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). | Confirm that chromogen and nuclear counterstain are being distinguished, then review a positive tissue and no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Record the discordance rather than scoring nuclear-only signal as the expected pattern. |
| Cardiomyocytes or cerebellar granular layer cells stain strongly. | These cells were reported Not detected; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA: Not detected; standard IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and check the detection system's endogenous-activity blocking step (standard IHC practice). Reassess specificity before interpreting the cells as positive; HPA tissue reliability is Uncertain (HPA: Uncertain). |
| Diffuse colour obscures cell boundaries. | Nonspecific background or detection-reagent deposit may prevent localisation from being read (standard IHC practice). | Inspect the no-primary control and review blocking, washing and chromogen development (standard IHC practice). Score only interpretable, cell-associated staining (standard IHC practice). |
| Only faint staining appears in a candidate control tissue. | Cell choice may matter: salivary glandular cells and skeletal muscle myocytes were reported Low, whereas hepatocytes were High (HPA: Low in salivary gland and skeletal muscle; High in liver). | Choose a reported High population for comparison, and score the specified cells rather than the whole tissue (HPA: High in liver hepatocytes; standard IHC practice). Keep the HPA Uncertain rating in the interpretation (HPA: Uncertain). |
| Two tissue sections yield different positive-cell patterns. | The profile spans High, Low and Not detected populations, and its tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC profile; HPA: Uncertain). | Identify and compare the relevant cell populations, then review controls and staining consistency across the run (standard IHC practice). Report the observed compartment and intensity with the specific tissue and cell type, without treating every difference as a biological change. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CDK10 staining
A06507 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of CDK10 (E63) pAb in paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue at 1:50.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_19290883
HPA · Thyroid glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Thyroid gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/thyroid+gland#imid_19290819
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/colon#imid_19290801
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/liver#imid_19290810
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CDK10 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first: its glandular cells should stain strongly (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use heart muscle cardiomyocytes as the negative comparison (HPA: Not detected in cardiomyocytes); on the colon slide, internal negative cells should retain counterstain without specific chromogen, but confirm their identity before interpreting them as CDK10-negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Cerebellum (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CDK10; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host-species- and clonality-matched isotype controls, plus CDK10-knockout tissue as a biological specificity control (standard IHC practice). On colon sections, block endogenous peroxidase and check inflammatory cells for residual chromogen (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A CDK10-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A06507 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue, 1:50). Retrieval dependence is unreported; compare heat-induced retrieval conditions with an untreated section during IHC optimization (standard IHC practice). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier (HPA subcellular: no ICC-IF image cell lines); in colon, assess inflammatory-cell peroxidase as a potential staining artefact (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CDK10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Hepatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Follicle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Placenta | Decidual cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CDK10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CDK10 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, controls, cellular distribution, and scoring before interpreting biological differences.
How should I retrieve CDK10 in paraffin sections when staining is weak?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0 for heat-induced epitope retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval protocol). Let sections cool in the retrieval solution, then compare a short primary-antibody titration on matched sections; the selected A06507 image used 1:50 in paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma (A06507 caption). If staining remains weak, test a more alkaline retrieval buffer on adjacent sections as a controlled fallback, while watching for increased background or tissue damage (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary control and a consistently processed reference section so any gain in signal can be separated from stronger nonspecific chromogen deposition (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain variable CDK10 staining across paraffin blocks?
CDK10-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the selected A06507 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (A06507 caption). Record each block’s fixative, fixation duration, and processing history, then compare sections processed together with the same citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval protocol; standard IHC practice). Use a control section from a single reference block in every run and inspect morphology before changing antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Do not assign a target-specific fixation effect from CDK10’s cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal annotations or its phosphothreonine at residue 196; neither measures fixation sensitivity (UniProt Q15131).
Which staining pattern is plausible for CDK10, and how should unexpected nuclear signal be checked?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining, with possible cytoskeletal or cilium basal-body association, when assessing CDK10 IHC (UniProt Q15131 subcellular location; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). CDK10 has no transmembrane segment, so a crisp membrane-only outline needs additional validation rather than automatic acceptance as target signal (UniProt Q15131 topology). Compare the suspected compartment with the hematoxylin counterstain and tissue morphology, then repeat on adjacent sections with a no-primary control and a lower primary concentration (standard IHC practice). Treat isolated nuclear staining cautiously because the supplied HPA subcellular record gives no main location or ICC/IF images that would validate a nuclear pattern (HPA subcellular record).
How can CDK10 isoforms or epitope masking affect an IHC result?
CDK10 has 7 annotated isoforms, but the supplied A06507 caption does not identify the antibody epitope or establish which isoforms it detects (UniProt Q15131 isoforms; A06507 caption). Map the immunogen or epitope against the isoform sequences when that information becomes available, and interpret staining as antibody-reactive CDK10 until isoform coverage is verified (standard antibody-validation practice). The protein kinase domain spans residues 39–323, and phosphothreonine is annotated at residue 196; neither annotation establishes epitope masking in fixed sections (UniProt Q15131). Compare retrieval conditions on adjacent sections, and seek an independent epitope antibody or orthogonal assay before attributing discordant staining to a particular splice form (standard IHC practice).
How can I check CDK10 localisation with multiplex IF alongside IHC?
Use IF as a separate localisation check, since the supplied HPA subcellular record lists no ICC/IF images for CDK10 (HPA subcellular record). Pair CDK10 with a validated marker of the cell type under examination, choose a far-red fluorophore when tissue autofluorescence obscures shorter wavelengths, and collect single-stain controls for channel separation (standard IF practice). Apply a mild detergent permeabilisation step for this intracellular target and titrate it against morphology and background; CDK10 is annotated in the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and cilium basal body, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15131). Keep fixation and antibody performance conclusions assay-specific: the A06507 paraffin-section caption reports neither an IF method nor a fixative (A06507 caption).
What should I change when CDK10 chromogenic staining is diffuse or granular?
First inspect the no-primary control and slide edges, then distinguish diffuse background from cytoplasmic staining aligned with intact cells (standard IHC practice; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). For a peroxidase and DAB workflow, block endogenous peroxidase, adjust protein blocking and washes, and titrate the primary antibody on adjacent sections (standard IHC practice). The selected A06507 image used 1:50 in paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma, which is a documented image condition rather than a universal working dilution (A06507 caption). If background rises after stronger retrieval, return to citrate pH 6.0 at 95–98 °C for 20 min and compare with matched controls (page retrieval protocol; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify CDK10 staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because the expected CDK10 pattern is broadly cytoplasmic (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q15131 subcellular location). Report an H-score from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells, or report percentage positive and positive-cell density per mm² when cell counts are more reproducible (standard IHC scoring practice). Normalise counts to viable cells or viable tissue area within the same annotated compartment, excluding folds, necrosis, and slide edges by a rule fixed before scoring (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, exposure to chromogen, counterstain, and scoring thresholds consistent across batches, and use a shared reference section to monitor batch drift (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish credible CDK10 staining from artefact?
A credible result should follow intact cellular cytoplasm and remain interpretable in the relevant cell population, consistent with CDK10’s cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal annotations (UniProt Q15131; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Check unusually sharp membrane-only or isolated nuclear signal against morphology and controls, since CDK10 has no transmembrane segment and HPA provides no validated ICC/IF localisation image here (UniProt Q15131 topology; HPA subcellular record). Discount staining concentrated at section edges, necrotic regions, or endogenous peroxidase-rich areas when it also appears in the no-primary control (standard IHC practice). HPA rates its tissue IHC reliability as Uncertain, so confirm consequential conclusions with independent antibody or orthogonal evidence (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best CDK10 / Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 IHC Antibodies
A06507 has real IHC data from paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma (image caption). Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity is listed (catalog); no IF figure is provided (catalog).
Real IHC data
Anti-CDK10 (E63) Antibody
Cat # A06507
A06507 is the sole rendered SKU and is listed for IHC (catalog: applications). Its figure shows paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma stained at 1:50 (image caption); Human, Mouse, and Rat reactivity is listed (catalog: reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A06507 for paraffin-section tissue IHC because its own figure shows that preparation (image caption); the fixative is unreported (image caption). There is no catalog-supported IF/ICC choice: A06507 lists IHC as its application and provides no IF figure (catalog). For Mouse or Rat tissue, A06507 lists reactivity with both species (catalog), but its supplied IHC figure shows Human tissue only (image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q15131 (CDK10_HUMAN, Cyclin-dependent kinase 10).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle..
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Low Expression of CDK10 Correlates with Adverse Prognosis in Gastric Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 2017 — PMC5604441.
- Downregulated CDK10 promotes cancer progression and radioresistance in lung cancer through activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. BMB reports 2024 — PMC11289505.
- Elevated C1orf63 expression is correlated with CDK10 and predicts better outcome for advanced breast cancers: a retrospective study. BMC cancer 2015 — PMC4513615.
- RNF115 aggravates tumor progression through regulation of CDK10 degradation in thyroid carcinoma. Cell biology and toxicology 2024 — PMC10879231.
- PubMed PMID:8208557 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:8084611 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10036189 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CDK10 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 10). Expected localisation General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06507 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Cerebellum. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06507); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06507); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CDK10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06507); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06507); Caveat: Staining–RNA consistency is medium; verification is pending (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 7 isoforms; check epitope coverage before comparing them (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is unannotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q15131, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA cell-line RNA · Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle., Datasheet A06507, PMC5604441, PMC4513615. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CDK10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.