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CDK10 / Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CDK10
Plan CDK10 IHC around the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern and high staining in glandular cells and hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC). The catalog antibody lists an IHC dilution of 1:50–1:200 (datasheet); interpret results with the tissue staining reliability rated uncertain (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CDK10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic signal in glandular cells and hepatocytes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Cerebellum+3 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06507) | |
| Caveat | Staining reliability is uncertain; verify independently (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 7 isoforms; antibody epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt; datasheet) |
Section 1
Recommended CDK10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by three published CDK10 tissue-staining protocols (PMC5604441; PMC4513615; PMC10879231).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06507) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06507); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CDK10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06507) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CDK10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule); compare the published retrieval conditions when optimizing.
Section 2
What Is the Expected CDK10 Staining Pattern?
CDK10 is annotated in the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15131 topology). In paraffin-section IHC, look for cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes, adrenal glandular cells or other HPA-listed high-staining cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat this as a provisional pattern: HPA rates its tissue IHC reliability Uncertain, with medium agreement between staining and RNA data and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic color in hepatocytes or colon glandular cells, with recognizable cell boundaries (HPA: High in both cell types). | This matches HPA's general cytoplasmic profile and listed high-staining cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the fraction and intensity of stained target cells separately; High is an HPA observation, not an expected score for every section (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Strong staining confined to plasma membranes or nuclei, without convincing cytoplasmic staining. | A membrane-only pattern does not fit the reported cytoplasmic profile or the absence of a transmembrane segment (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15131 topology). Check controls and morphology before interpreting compartment-restricted color as CDK10. |
| Strong color in an unexpected cell population, such as cardiomyocytes, while listed high-staining cells are also present (HPA: cardiomyocytes Not detected). | Investigate cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity as general IHC possibilities. HPA's cell-specific observations do not prove absolute absence in every specimen, and its tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Color spreads across stroma, empty spaces or many cell types without cell-shaped cytoplasmic boundaries. | Treat this as background until a cell-resolved pattern and appropriate controls support interpretation (general IHC practice). HPA describes general cytoplasmic expression, so diffuse field-wide color alone does not establish CDK10 staining (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| No visible staining in hepatocytes or adrenal glandular cells (HPA: High in both cell types). | This is an assay warning, not evidence that CDK10 is absent. Verify that the selected control section contains the expected cells, then review retrieval, antibody incubation and detection using the antibody's IHC-P instructions (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
💡Expected CDK10 appearanceA credible positive is predominantly cell-shaped cytoplasmic staining in HPA-listed high-staining cells, such as hepatocytes, while uniform haze or membrane-only color warrants control review (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15131 topology; general IHC practice).
| Cell selection and confidence | HPA lists High staining in hepatocytes, Leydig cells, glial cells in caudate and several glandular populations, but rates tissue IHC Uncertain; use cell identity and controls when judging a result (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Localization and topology | UniProt places CDK10 in cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15131). HPA tissue IHC describes general cytoplasmic expression; neither source makes membrane-only color an expected result (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Isoforms and antibody epitope | UniProt lists 7 CDK10 isoforms (UniProt Q15131). Without an epitope or isoform-reactivity statement in the supplied evidence, the observed signal cannot be assigned to a particular isoform; consult the chosen antibody's documented target coverage before making that claim. |
| Detection system | Endogenous enzyme activity can contribute color in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). Use detection-only and appropriate enzyme-block controls to distinguish that contribution from primary-antibody staining; HPA's tissue levels do not establish the cause of color in an individual section (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive tissue has little or no cytoplasmic signal (HPA: High in hepatocytes or adrenal glandular cells). | The expected cells may be absent from the viewed area, or an IHC step may have underperformed (general IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity on the counterstain, then review the catalog antibody's IHC-P retrieval, dilution, incubation and detection instructions; use a concurrent positive control. |
| Signal is predominantly membranous or nuclear. | This does not match HPA's general cytoplasmic profile or UniProt's cytoplasmic annotation and no-transmembrane topology (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q15131). | Compare a listed high-staining cell population on the same run, inspect staining boundaries and assess primary-omission controls before assigning the signal to CDK10. |
| Strong color appears in cardiomyocytes or cerebellar granular-layer cells (HPA: Not detected in these cells). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice); HPA tissue validation remains Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC). | Check morphology and detection-only controls, then compare a concurrent listed high-staining tissue. Report any discordance with HPA rather than declaring either result definitive. |
| Diffuse brown haze obscures the cell-shaped pattern. | Nonspecific binding, residual endogenous detection activity or an overly strong detection reaction can produce background (general IHC practice). | Review blocking and washing, assess detection-only controls and adjust the detection conditions according to the IHC reagent instructions; score CDK10 only where cell-resolved staining remains. |
| Low or absent color in oral mucosa, salivary gland, vagina or skeletal muscle (HPA: Low in their listed cell types). | A weak result is compatible with HPA's Low observations and is less informative as a positive-control failure than a blank high-staining tissue (HPA: tissue IHC). | Evaluate the run against a listed high-staining cell population and its controls before changing assay conditions; record the cell type examined. |
| IF/ICC images seem to show a different compartment from the IHC result. | HPA supplies no main ICC-IF location or cell-line images for CDK10 (HPA: subcellular); its tissue IHC pattern has Uncertain reliability (HPA: tissue IHC). | Can this guide validate an IF/ICC pattern? No: assess IF/ICC on its dedicated guide page with its own controls, and describe the IHC and IF observations separately. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CDK10 staining
A06507 · IHCImmunohistochemistry (IHC) analyzes of CDK10 (E63) pAb in paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue at 1:50.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_19290883
HPA · Thyroid glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Thyroid gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/thyroid+gland#imid_19290819
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/colon#imid_19290801
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000185324-CDK10/tissue/liver#imid_19290810
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CDK10 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first and assess staining in its glandular cells (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use heart muscle cardiomyocytes as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in cardiomyocytes); on the colon slide, inspect non-glandular cells for background without assuming they are CDK10-negative (HPA: positive annotation is for glandular cells).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Cerebellum (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CDK10; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and host- and clonality-matched isotype controls, plus a CDK10 knockout specimen or peptide-block control where available (standard IHC practice). Check colon sections for endogenous peroxidase signal in chromogenic IHC and autofluorescence if using IF (standard IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: Paraffin-section IHC is documented at 1:50 in the selected caption, but its fixative is unreported; the caption does not establish fixation (selected SKU A06507 caption). A target-specific fixation window and antigen-retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence, so retrieval needs empirical optimization (supplied target/application evidence; standard IHC practice). Whether frozen sections or IF are easier is unestablished, and colon background should be checked with the technical controls (HPA: no ICC-IF cell-line images listed; standard IHC/IF practice). The selected A06507 tissue-IHC caption documents paraffin sections, but does not specify the fixative (selected-SKU IHC image A06507).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CDK10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Hepatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Follicle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Placenta | Decidual cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CDK10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CDK10 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, controls, cellular location and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
How should I retrieve CDK10 antigen when staining is weak?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0, heated to 95–98 °C for 20 minutes (page retrieval setting). Cool the sections before washing, and process test and control sections together so retrieval conditions can be compared directly (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a second retrieval condition on matched sections while holding antibody concentration and detection constant; treat any improvement as assay optimization, not evidence of CDK10 specificity (standard IHC practice). The selected antibody has a paraffin-section image at 1:50, but its caption does not report a retrieval method (A06507 tissue-IHC caption).
Could fixation explain variable CDK10 staining between paraffin blocks?
CDK10-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown because no target-specific fixation conditions are supplied here (provided evidence). The selected antibody's image documents paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue at 1:50, but does not state the fixative or fixation duration (A06507 tissue-IHC caption). Record each block's fixation history where available, then compare sections under identical retrieval, staining and detection conditions (standard IHC practice). Include a consistently processed positive-control section in each run, and investigate staining differences alongside tissue preservation and section handling before attributing them to CDK10 abundance (standard IHC practice).
Which staining pattern is plausible for CDK10 in tissue sections?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining at the tissue level (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression), consistent with CDK10 localisation to the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton (UniProt Q15131: subcellular location). UniProt also places CDK10 at the cilium basal body, a small structure that routine chromogenic IHC may not resolve reliably (UniProt Q15131: subcellular location; standard IHC practice). CDK10 has no transmembrane segment, so a crisp, exclusive cell-surface rim requires independent validation before assignment to this target (UniProt Q15131: topology). Compare the pattern with a positive-control section and inspect cellular detail at higher magnification before scoring faint or diffuse deposits (standard IHC practice).
How could CDK10 isoforms affect interpretation of antibody staining?
CDK10 has 7 annotated isoforms, so an antibody may detect a subset if its epitope is absent from some variants (UniProt Q15131: isoforms; standard immunoassay practice). Locate the immunogen or mapped epitope in the antibody documentation, then compare it with the isoform sequences before interpreting staining as total CDK10 (standard immunoassay practice). The annotated kinase domain spans residues 39–323, and threonine 196 is a modified residue; neither annotation establishes this antibody's epitope or phospho-selectivity (UniProt Q15131: domains and modified residues). If epitope information is unavailable, report staining as antibody-detected CDK10 immunoreactivity rather than a particular isoform or phosphorylation state (standard IHC practice).
How should I investigate CDK10 by IF alongside this IHC assay?
Treat IF/ICC as a separate assay requiring its own validation; the selected antibody caption documents paraffin-section IHC, with no IF fixation or staining conditions supplied (A06507 tissue-IHC caption; provided evidence). For multiplexing, pair CDK10 with a marker identifying the cell population under study, and verify each channel separately before interpreting overlap (standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after measuring tissue autofluorescence in unstained controls, favoring a well-separated emission channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). Because CDK10 lacks a transmembrane segment and is intracellular, assess permeabilisation for epitope access while checking that cellular structure remains intact (UniProt Q15131: topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice).
What should I check when CDK10 staining has diffuse background?
Compare a no-primary control with the test section to identify deposits from detection reagents or endogenous tissue activity (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Apply a peroxidase block before HRP-based detection, use an appropriate protein block, and wash between incubations; these are general workflow steps, not CDK10-specific validation (standard IHC practice). The selected paraffin-section image used antibody at 1:50, which is a documented image condition rather than a universal dilution for every specimen (A06507 tissue-IHC caption). Titrate the primary antibody on matched sections while keeping retrieval and DAB development constant, then retain conditions that preserve cellular signal with a clean control (standard IHC practice).
How can I quantify CDK10 staining across tissue samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue region before scoring, then exclude folds, damaged edges and necrotic areas consistently (standard IHC practice). For cytoplasmic CDK10 staining, record the percentage of positive cells and intensity, or calculate an H-score using intensity categories 0–3 (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). Where cell counts matter, report positive cells per mm² of viable tissue and normalise to the number of eligible cells or sampled viable area (standard IHC practice). Keep section thickness, retrieval, detection and imaging conditions consistent, and compare batches using the same reference section (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish credible CDK10 signal from staining artefact?
A credible result has cellular cytoplasmic staining in an appropriate population, with a clean no-primary control (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in hepatocytes and no detection in cardiomyocytes, but rates its CDK10 tissue-IHC reliability as uncertain; use these as comparison patterns, not absolute controls (HPA: liver, heart muscle and reliability). Be cautious with isolated nuclear or cell-surface staining, since UniProt places CDK10 in the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and cilium basal body and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15131: subcellular location and topology). Discount edge effects, necrosis and endogenous enzyme deposits by comparing morphology and controls before calling a section positive (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CDK10 / Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 IHC Antibodies
A06507 has a real IHC image from a paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma section (catalog image caption). Listed reactivity covers human, mouse, and rat (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-CDK10 (E63) Antibody
Cat # A06507
A06507 is listed for IHC in human, mouse, and rat (catalog applications; catalog reactivity). Its image shows staining of paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue at 1:50 (catalog image caption).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A06507; its image documents a paraffin-embedded human section, but the fixative is unreported (catalog image caption). No listed SKU has an IF/ICC application or IF figure (catalog applications; catalog IF image alts). A06507 is the cross-species candidate based on listed human, mouse, and rat reactivity; its displayed IHC evidence is human only, so validate staining in mouse and rat tissue locally (catalog reactivity; catalog image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q15131 (CDK10_HUMAN, Cyclin-dependent kinase 10).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle..
- Human Protein Atlas. CDK10 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Low Expression of CDK10 Correlates with Adverse Prognosis in Gastric Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 2017 — PMC5604441.
- Downregulated CDK10 promotes cancer progression and radioresistance in lung cancer through activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. BMB reports 2024 — PMC11289505.
- Elevated C1orf63 expression is correlated with CDK10 and predicts better outcome for advanced breast cancers: a retrospective study. BMC cancer 2015 — PMC4513615.
- RNF115 aggravates tumor progression through regulation of CDK10 degradation in thyroid carcinoma. Cell biology and toxicology 2024 — PMC10879231.
- PubMed PMID:8208557 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:8084611 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10036189 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CDK10 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 10). Expected localisation General cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06507 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Cerebellum. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human tonsil carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06507); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06507); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CDK10, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A06507); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A06507); Caveat: Staining reliability is uncertain; verify independently (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 7 isoforms; antibody epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt; datasheet); Regulation: Expression regulation is not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q15131, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA cell-line RNA · Variation in transcript expression is correlated to the cell cycle., Datasheet A06507, PMC5604441, PMC4513615. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CDK10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.