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CRMP1 / Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CRMP1
Plan chromogenic CRMP1 IHC on paraffin sections using brain neuronal staining as the reference pattern (HPA tissue IHC). The catalog antibody has a human brain IHC image at 2 μg/mL (datasheet: A05002).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CRMP1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Neuronal cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Caudate+3 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); optimize empirically. | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Brain-enriched expression (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unreported (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CRMP1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol is followed by two published chromogenic IHC protocols for CRMP1 in prostate and brain tissue (PMC5290039; PMC5319751).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05002); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CRMP1, 2 μg/mL (datasheet A05002) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CRMP1-positive staining in neuronal cells of caudate (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in neuronal cells. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 heat retrieval for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); the published brain protocol also uses citrate pH 6.0 for 20 min (PMC5319751).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CRMP1 Staining Pattern?
CRMP1 is a cytoplasmic protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q14194: localisation and topology). In paraffin tissue sections, expect staining chiefly in neuronal cells, including cerebellar Purkinje cells (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue staining Approved, with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression; treat the pattern as a guide rather than proof of antibody specificity (HPA tissue IHC).
| Medium cytoplasmic staining in cortical, hippocampal or caudate neuronal cells, or cerebellar Purkinje cells (HPA tissue IHC). | This matches the reported positive cells and staining level (HPA tissue IHC). Compare cellular distribution with a negative control before scoring a section (standard IHC practice). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, with little neuronal cytoplasmic signal. | A nuclear-dominant pattern conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q14194: localisation). Check whether the same pattern appears in controls before interpreting it as CRMP1 (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or in glandular cells of an HPA-negative tissue. | Those cells were reported as not detected in the listed adipose, adrenal or appendix samples (HPA tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, and compare antibody-omission and detection controls (standard IHC practice). |
| Widespread haze across cells and surrounding tissue, obscuring neuronal boundaries. | This is difficult to reconcile with the reported cell-selective cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Assess background with a negative control; blocking, washes and detection chemistry can affect nonspecific signal (standard IHC practice). |
| No staining in neuronal cells of caudate, cortex, hippocampus or cerebellum. | These are HPA-positive reference tissues, although their reported level is Medium (HPA tissue IHC). First confirm tissue quality and detection controls, then review the catalog antibody’s IHC-P conditions (standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected CRMP1 appearanceCall a section positive when neuronal or Purkinje-cell cytoplasm shows approximately Medium staining (HPA tissue IHC); nuclear-dominant signal or strong staining in HPA-negative cell types warrants control-based review (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
| Cell and tissue selection | HPA reports Medium staining in caudate, cerebral cortex and hippocampal neuronal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells; these are useful positive references (HPA tissue IHC). Its sampled adipocytes and selected glandular cells were not detected, but a negative sample does not establish universal absence (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Subcellular interpretation | UniProt places CRMP1 in cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome, spindle, perikaryon and growth cone, and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q14194: localisation and topology). HPA tissue IHC describes cytoplasmic neuronal staining; do not require a resolvable centrosomal dot in every paraffin section (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Antibody evidence | HPA lists IHC as Approved for HPA035640 and CAB037313, while its tissue summary reports medium agreement with RNA (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). Approval supports using the reported pattern as a reference, but a control remains necessary when staining departs from it (standard IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and epitope scope | UniProt lists 2 isoforms, isoform 1 and LCRMP-1 (UniProt Q14194: isoforms). The supplied evidence does not map either antibody’s epitope to an isoform; staining cannot identify which isoform is present without separate evidence (HPA antibodies; UniProt Q14194: isoforms). |
| Processing and modifications | UniProt reports a chain spanning residues 1–572, with no signal peptide or propeptide, and lists phosphorylation and other modified residues (UniProt Q14194: processing and modified residues). Epitope overlap and effects on antibody binding are unreported here; do not infer a staining change from these annotations alone. |
| IF/ICC Q: Where should CRMP1 appear? | A: Mainly at the centrosome, with additional cytosolic localisation in the HPA ICC-IF assessment; images are listed for REH and U2OS (HPA subcellular). This answers an IF localisation question; it supplies no IF protocol conditions. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Neuronal cytoplasm is absent in a positive reference section. | The observation conflicts with Medium staining in the listed neuronal populations (HPA tissue IHC); section quality or an IHC detection step may also account for lost signal (standard IHC practice). | Check tissue morphology, antibody-omission and detection controls, and the catalog antibody’s IHC-P instructions; review retrieval and detection settings without assuming CRMP1-specific fixation sensitivity (standard IHC practice). |
| Signal appears chiefly in nuclei. | This disagrees with HPA’s cytoplasmic neuronal tissue profile and UniProt’s cytoplasmic localisation (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q14194: localisation). | Compare the pattern with a positive neuronal reference and negative control, then reassess detection background before assigning a nuclear CRMP1 pattern (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in HPA-negative cell types. | The selected adipocytes or glandular cells were not detected by HPA; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Compare a matched negative tissue and antibody-omission control; check whether the detection system itself produces staining in those cells (standard IHC practice). |
| Diffuse colour obscures which cells are positive. | Background can result from nonspecific antibody binding, incomplete blocking or inadequate washing (standard IHC practice); the expected tissue profile is cell-selective and cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC). | Use a negative control to locate the background source, then review blocking, washes and detection exposure under the established IHC-P workflow (standard IHC practice). |
| A few weakly stained cells are being called negative. | HPA reports Medium staining in specified neuronal cells but Low staining in some other sampled cell types (HPA tissue IHC); scoring depends on cell identity and the control baseline (standard IHC practice). | Score the named cell population and its cytoplasm against a matched control, recording intensity and proportion separately (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| IHC staining is judged against an IF centrosome image. | HPA’s ICC-IF summary emphasizes centrosomes and cytosol, whereas its tissue IHC profile reports neuronal cytoplasmic staining (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). | Assess paraffin sections against the HPA tissue pattern and an IHC positive reference; use the ICC-IF summary only to interpret subcellular localisation in IF (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CRMP1 staining
A05002 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of CRMP in human brain tissue with CRMP antibody at 2 μg/mL.
A05002 · IFImmunofluorescence of CRMP1 in Human Brain cells with CRMP1 antibody at 10 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072832-CRMP1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_18874657
HPA · HippocampusHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Hippocampus. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072832-CRMP1/tissue/hippocampal+formation#imid_18874650
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072832-CRMP1/tissue/colon#imid_18874591
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000072832-CRMP1/tissue/liver#imid_18874576
HPA · ICC-IF REHHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, REH, antibody HPA035640; green = CRMP1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF REHHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, REH, antibody HPA035640; green = CRMP1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CRMP1 IHC & IF
🧪Run cerebellum first; Purkinje cells should stain (HPA: Medium in cerebellar Purkinje cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the cerebellar slide, compare Purkinje-cell staining with adjacent cells that show only background signal, without assuming those cells are CRMP1-negative (HPA: Purkinje-cell staining reported).
Positive control tissue: Caudate (Neuronal cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CRMP1 in REH, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Centrosome (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control, a host- and class-matched isotype control for a monoclonal primary or nonimmune IgG for a polyclonal primary, and CRMP1-knockout tissue if available as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase for chromogenic IHC and assess pigment-related background in cerebellar tissue (standard IHC practice; HPA: cerebellar positive tissue).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A05002 brain-tissue IHC caption does not state a fixative (selected product caption). Retrieval dependence is unreported; optimize antigen retrieval on the paraffin sections alongside the controls (standard IHC-P practice). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier for CRMP1; for IF, check tissue autofluorescence before interpreting signal (standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CRMP1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CRMP1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CRMP1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cellular distribution, controls and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
What retrieval conditions should I try when CRMP1 staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0 for heat-induced epitope retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval specification). If neuronal cytoplasmic staining remains weak, compare a shorter and longer heating interval on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration and detection conditions constant (standard IHC practice; HPA: cytoplasmic expression in neuronal cells). Allow sections to cool in retrieval buffer, then check that tissue remains attached and morphology is preserved before judging signal (standard IHC practice). Any alternative buffer or pH should be tested as a fallback against the specified citrate condition, with a positive neuronal control included in each run (page retrieval specification; standard IHC practice).
How should I assess whether fixation is limiting CRMP1 IHC staining?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity for CRMP1 is unknown from the supplied evidence; the A05002 human brain IHC caption does not state a fixative (A05002 caption). Record the fixative, fixation duration and processing history for each specimen, then compare sections with similar handling before changing antibody or retrieval conditions (standard IHC practice). If staining differs between batches, process a known positive neuronal section alongside each batch and apply the specified citrate pH 6.0, 95–98 °C, 20 min retrieval consistently (HPA: neuronal cytoplasmic expression; page retrieval specification). Examine morphology and edge-to-center staining as well as signal intensity, because uneven processing can complicate interpretation of chromogenic IHC (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing CRMP1 staining appear in tissue IHC?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining in neuronal cells when assessing chromogenic tissue sections (HPA: cytoplasmic expression in neuronal cells). Caudate and cerebral cortex neuronal cells, hippocampal neuronal cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells have reported medium staining and can guide control selection (HPA: tissue IHC). CRMP1 is also annotated at the centrosome, spindle, cytoskeleton, growth cone and perikaryon, but these structures may not be resolvable individually in routine chromogenic sections (UniProt Q14194: subcellular locations; standard IHC practice). Treat a nuclear-only or sharply membranous pattern cautiously, and compare it with the neuronal cytoplasmic pattern and a negative reagent control before assigning CRMP1 specificity (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q14194: no transmembrane segment; standard IHC practice).
Can this IHC antibody distinguish CRMP1 isoforms or phosphorylation states?
The record lists 2 CRMP1 isoforms, isoform 1 and LCRMP-1, but the supplied antibody evidence gives no epitope map or isoform specificity (UniProt Q14194: isoforms; A05002 caption). It also lists modified residues, including phosphorylation at threonines 101 and 102, without evidence that this antibody distinguishes modified protein in sections (UniProt Q14194: modified residues; A05002 caption). Keep retrieval at citrate pH 6.0, 95–98 °C for 20 min while comparing specimens, so processing changes do not masquerade as biological differences (page retrieval specification; standard IHC practice). Interpret chromogenic staining as antibody-detected CRMP1 signal until epitope mapping or independent isoform-specific validation supports a narrower claim (standard IHC practice).
How can I adapt CRMP1 localisation checks to multiplex IF?
On the separate IF/ICC workflow, pair CRMP1 with a validated neuronal marker to identify the expected cell population, because tissue IHC reports cytoplasmic expression in neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore channel with low background in the specimen, assess unstained tissue autofluorescence and acquire single-label controls before interpreting overlap (standard IF practice). CRMP1 has no transmembrane segment and is annotated in cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal locations, so use permeabilisation appropriate for access to intracellular epitopes while preserving cell structure (UniProt Q14194: topology and subcellular locations; standard IF practice). HPA reports supported centrosome and cytosol localisation in ICC/IF, which provides a localisation comparison rather than an IHC protocol option (HPA: subcellular).
How do I separate nonspecific brown signal from CRMP1 staining?
Inspect negative reagent controls and adjacent tissue for diffuse precipitate, edge staining or pigment before calling a weak brown deposit positive (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase when using a peroxidase and DAB detection workflow, and check whether signal persists when the primary antibody is omitted (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Titrate the IHC-validated antibody around the caption's 2 µg/mL condition on human brain tissue, comparing specific neuronal cytoplasmic contrast with background rather than intensity alone (A05002 caption; HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). If background rises across unrelated cell types, review blocking, washes and detection exposure before attributing the pattern to CRMP1 (standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to score CRMP1 chromogenic IHC? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the neuronal compartment and anatomical region before scoring, because reported tissue staining is cytoplasmic in neuronal cells and varies by sampled tissue (HPA: tissue IHC). For comparable sections, record an H-score or the percentage of positive neuronal cells with intensity categories, and retain the underlying counts for review (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalise positive-cell counts to all evaluable neurons in the same region, or report positive-cell density per mm² of evaluable tissue when cell counting is impractical (standard IHC quantification practice). Apply identical retrieval and detection conditions, including citrate pH 6.0 retrieval for 20 min, and exclude folds, tears and necrotic areas from measurement (page retrieval specification; standard IHC practice).
When should an apparent CRMP1-positive result be questioned?
A credible tissue result should show neuronal cytoplasmic signal in the appropriate context, consistent with the reported medium staining in caudate, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus (HPA: tissue IHC). Question isolated nuclear or crisp surface-only staining, because CRMP1 is annotated in cytoplasmic structures and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q14194: subcellular locations and topology). Compare suspicious staining in unexpected cells with a primary-omission control, and examine section edges, necrotic regions and endogenous peroxidase activity as possible sources of artefact (standard chromogenic IHC practice). The HPA tissue assessment is Approved with medium consistency against RNA data, so interpret marginal staining alongside morphology, controls and replicate sections (HPA: reliability; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CRMP1 / Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1 IHC Antibodies
A05002 has IHC imagery from human brain tissue and IF imagery from human brain cells (catalog image captions). Both antibodies list human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-CRMP1 Antibody
Cat # A05002
A05002 is the only SKU with an IHC figure for its card; the caption shows human brain tissue stained at 2 μg/mL (A05002 IHC caption). Its IF caption shows human brain cells stained at 10 μg/mL (A05002 IF caption).
Which to pick: Choose A05002 for paraffin-section tissue IHC (catalog applications: IHC-P; A05002 IHC caption: human brain tissue); its image caption does not report the fixative (A05002 IHC caption). For IF/ICC, M05002-1 lists ICC/IF and is rabbit monoclonal clone 18C29 (catalog applications; catalog host/clone), while A05002 has a human brain-cell IF image (A05002 IF caption). Both list human, mouse and rat reactivity for cross-species planning (catalog reactivity).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q14194 (DPYL1_HUMAN, Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. CRMP1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. CRMP1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the centrosome. In addition localized to the cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. CRMP1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Discovery of Spatial Peptide Signatures for Neuroblastoma Risk Assessment by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Cancers 2021 — PMC8269054.
- Collapsin response mediator protein-1 (CRMP1) acts as an invasion and metastasis suppressor of prostate cancer via its suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and remodeling of actin cytoskeleton organization. Oncogene 2017 — PMC5290039.
- Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 1, a Novel Marker Protein for Differentiated Odontoblasts. Acta histochemica et cytochemica 2018 — PMC6328366.
- Differentially expressed proteins underlying childhood cortical dysplasia with epilepsy identified by iTRAQ proteomic profiling. PloS one 2017 — PMC5319751.
- PubMed PMID:8973361 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:19362386 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15815621 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CRMP1 (Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1). Expected localisation Neuronal cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A05002 at 2 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Caudate (Neuronal cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05002); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CRMP1, 2 μg/mL (datasheet A05002); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); optimize empirically.; Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unreported (UniProt); Regulation: Brain-enriched expression (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q14194, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the centrosome. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A05002, PMC5290039, PMC5319751. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CRMP1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.