Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 (DHX58)

Can't initiate antiviral signaling since it lacks the CARD domain required for activating MAVS/IPS1- dependent signaling events. Can have both positive and negative regulatory functions associated with DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5 signaling and this role in regulating signaling may be complex and may likely depend on characteristics of the infecting virus or target cells, or both.

Its inhibitory action on DDX58/RIG-I signaling may involve the following mechanisms: competition with DDX58/RIG-I for binding to the viral RNA, binding to DDX58/RIG-I and inhibiting its dimerization and interaction with MAVS/IPS1, competing with IKBKE in its binding to MAVS/IPS1 thereby inhibiting activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Its positive regulatory role may entail unwinding or draining nucleoproteins of viral RNA thereby facilitating their recognition by DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5.