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DVL1 / Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for DVL1
Plan DVL1 paraffin section IHC around the generally cytoplasmic tissue staining reported by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). Use the reported high staining in adrenal glandular cells and absent staining in smooth muscle cells to guide control selection (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
DVL1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Generally cytoplasmic staining in sampled tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Smooth muscle+1 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Two isoforms; epitope differences unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended DVL1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by published DVL1 IHC methods for colorectal cancer and lung tissue (PMC3821627; PMC9891876).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A03533) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A03533); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-DVL1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A03533) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | DVL1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); the colorectal study used microwave citrate retrieval (PMC3821627).
Section 2
What Is the Expected DVL1 Staining Pattern?
DVL1 is a cytosolic and vesicle-associated protein that can localize to the cell membrane; it has no transmembrane segment (UniProt O14640). In paraffin-section IHC, expect chiefly cytoplasmic staining in the cell populations HPA rates High, including colon glandular cells and cerebral cortex neurons (HPA tissue IHC). HPA describes a general cytoplasmic pattern but rates its tissue IHC evidence Approved with low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
| Clear cytoplasmic staining in colon glandular cells, with distinguishable cell borders and limited background. | This fits HPA's High call for colon glandular cells and its general cytoplasmic IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Membrane-associated signal can also fit DVL1 localization, especially where it interacts with frizzled family members (UniProt O14640). Judge intensity against neighboring cells on the same section; HPA's High category does not specify a universal chromogen intensity or staining threshold (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining in a paraffin section, with little cytoplasmic signal. | Treat this as a compartment discrepancy for the proposed IHC readout: HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue staining, while UniProt lists cytosol, vesicles and cell membrane (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O14640). Nuclear signal alone does not establish a false positive, because HPA reports approved nucleoplasmic localization in ICC-IF (HPA ICC-IF). Compare antibody controls and tissue morphology before interpreting it. |
| Strong staining in smooth muscle cells or soft-tissue fibroblasts. | HPA lists these cell populations as Not detected in its tissue IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Unexpected staining may reflect cross-reactivity, endogenous detection activity or a preparation-dependent result; the observation alone cannot identify which cause applies (general IHC practice). Recheck cell identity and compare controls before assigning DVL1 expression, especially given HPA's reported staining–RNA inconsistency (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse chromogen over cells, stroma and empty spaces, without a readable intracellular pattern. | This cannot be scored as the reported DVL1 cytoplasmic distribution (HPA tissue IHC). Broad background can arise from detection reagents or nonspecific primary-antibody binding (general IHC practice). A no-primary control and a suitable detection control help separate those possibilities; interpret any remaining cellular signal against morphology rather than total section darkness (general IHC practice). |
| No detectable staining in colon glandular cells or another HPA High population. | That conflicts with the reported positive tissue pattern but does not by itself prove DVL1 is absent (HPA tissue IHC). Check whether the IHC-validated antibody and detection system work on a known-positive section, then review retrieval, reagent activity and section quality as general IHC checks (general IHC practice). HPA's low staining–RNA consistency limits how strongly one negative specimen can be interpreted (HPA tissue IHC). |
💡Expected DVL1 appearanceA credible positive is discernible cytoplasmic staining, sometimes with membrane-associated signal, in an HPA High population such as colon glandular cells; broad background or isolated strong staining in HPA Not detected smooth muscle cells warrants control review rather than a positive call (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O14640; general IHC practice).
| Compartment and topology | UniProt places DVL1 in cytosol, cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membrane, and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt O14640). Membrane-associated staining need not form a continuous transmembrane-protein outline; compare it with the dominant cytoplasmic IHC pattern reported by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Tissue evidence and RNA agreement | HPA reports High IHC staining in specified glandular, neuronal, respiratory epithelial and hematopoietic populations, but rates staining–RNA consistency low (HPA tissue IHC). Its skeletal-muscle-enhanced RNA classification is an RNA finding, so it does not supply an IHC-positive skeletal muscle cell population (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Antibody validation | Both listed antibodies, HPA073607 and CAB011538, have Approved IHC status; the supplied record does not report Enhanced IHC validation (HPA antibodies). Approved status supports use of the reported pattern while leaving unexpected compartments or cell types to be checked with appropriate controls (HPA antibodies; general IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and modification | UniProt lists two DVL1 isoforms and a phosphoserine at residue 194 (UniProt O14640). These facts do not identify the antibodies' epitopes or establish different IHC staining between isoforms or phosphorylation states; avoid using them to explain a weak or absent signal without further evidence (UniProt O14640; HPA antibodies). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A High-reference population is blank. | A technical failure is possible; HPA reports High staining in colon glandular cells and cerebral cortex neurons, but low staining–RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC). | Check a known-positive section, IHC-validated antibody, detection reagents and the run's retrieval settings before interpreting the specimen as negative (general IHC practice). |
| Chromogen covers the section without clear cell boundaries. | Nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity can obscure cellular localization (general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and the detection controls; review blocking, washing and detection conditions, then score only morphology-resolved signal (general IHC practice). |
| Smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts stain strongly. | These populations are Not detected in the HPA tissue IHC profile; cross-reactivity or endogenous activity is possible (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Verify the cell population on the section and compare control slides before reporting DVL1 positivity (general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears chiefly nuclear in IHC. | This differs from HPA's general cytoplasmic tissue profile, although approved ICC-IF images also place DVL1 in nucleoplasm (HPA tissue IHC; HPA ICC-IF). | Review controls and the accompanying cytoplasmic pattern; report the compartment explicitly rather than equating nuclear IHC signal with confirmed specificity (general IHC practice). |
| Two IHC-positive tissues show different intensities. | HPA's High calls describe named cell populations, while its staining–RNA consistency is low; they do not define equal intensity across tissues (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare the same cell types and staining compartments under matched run conditions, and record intensity separately for each specimen (general IHC practice). |
| Can ICC-IF show DVL1 in the nucleus? | HPA reports approved nucleoplasmic and plasma-membrane localization, with additional vesicle and focal-adhesion localization in ICC-IF (HPA ICC-IF). | Yes; interpret those ICC-IF compartments using that evidence and the dedicated IF/ICC guide, while evaluating paraffin-section IHC against its reported general cytoplasmic profile (HPA ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing DVL1 staining
A03533 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat testis using DVL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 .Perform microwave antigen retrieval with 10 m
A03533 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse testis using DVL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 .Perform microwave antigen retrieval with 10
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000107404-DVL1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_3191152
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000107404-DVL1/tissue/colon#imid_3191078
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000107404-DVL1/tissue/liver#imid_3191071
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000107404-DVL1/tissue/kidney#imid_3191072
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA073607; green = DVL1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA073607; green = DVL1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for DVL1 IHC & IF
🧪Run bronchus first: respiratory epithelial cells should stain (HPA: High in bronchus respiratory epithelial cells). Run smooth muscle as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in smooth muscle cells); smooth muscle cells within the bronchus section should remain at background, providing an internal comparison (HPA: Not detected in smooth muscle cells).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Smooth muscle (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show DVL1 in A-431, PC-3, U2OS, RPTEC/TERT1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved), Plasma membrane (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; use host- and isotype-matched nonimmune IgG for a monoclonal primary, or host-matched nonimmune IgG for a polyclonal primary (standard IHC practice). Confirm specificity with DVL1 knockout material or, if the immunizing peptide is available, peptide competition; quench endogenous peroxidase and check for signal from inflammatory cells in bronchus (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A03533 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: rat testis IHC). That caption uses microwave retrieval in 10 mM PBS at pH 7.2, but does not establish that retrieval is required (caption: A03533 rat testis IHC). Frozen sections cannot be judged easier from these data; ICC-IF images exist for DVL1, though bronchial inflammatory cells can contribute endogenous peroxidase signal in chromogenic IHC (HPA: DVL1 ICC-IF images; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for DVL1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced DVL1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot DVL1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls, and scoring before interpreting a chromogenic signal.
Which retrieval conditions should I try when DVL1 staining is weak?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0, heated to 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting). Allow sections to cool in buffer, then compare staining with a no-primary control on the same run (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test the exact catalog image condition, microwave retrieval in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2, on adjacent sections (A03533 caption). Keep antibody dilution and detection conditions constant while comparing retrieval, because both weak cytoplasmic signal and increased background can change the apparent distribution (standard IHC practice; UniProt O14640 localisation).
Could fixation explain inconsistent DVL1 staining across paraffin blocks?
DVL1-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the catalog rat testis caption identifies paraffin sections but does not state a fixative (A03533 caption). Record each block’s fixative, fixation duration, and processing history before attributing differences to biology (standard IHC practice). Compare adjacent sections from matched blocks using the same pH 6.0 citrate retrieval, antibody dilution, and detection run (page retrieval setting; standard IHC practice). If signal differs, inspect tissue preservation and staining controls, then test retrieval adjustments systematically; neither the HPA staining profile nor DVL1 topology establishes a fixation effect (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O14640 topology).
How should I assess cytoplasmic, membrane, and nuclear DVL1 staining?
Score cytoplasmic and membrane staining separately: UniProt places DVL1 in cytosol, vesicles, and at the membrane upon frizzled interaction (UniProt O14640 localisation). DVL1 has no transmembrane segment, so membrane-associated signal should not be interpreted as evidence of a membrane-spanning protein (UniProt O14640 topology). HPA reports general cytoplasmic tissue staining, while its ICC/IF assessment also reports approved nucleoplasmic and plasma membrane locations (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). For chromogenic sections, check whether apparent membrane or nuclear enrichment persists across well-preserved cells and controls before assigning a compartment-specific pattern (standard IHC practice).
Could an unreported epitope change how I interpret DVL1 staining?
Yes: the record lists 2 DVL1 isoforms, but the supplied catalog caption gives no antibody epitope or isoform coverage (UniProt O14640 isoforms; A03533 caption). DVL1 contains DIX residues 1–85, PDZ residues 251–323, and DEP residues 425–499 (UniProt O14640 domains). Ask for the immunogen sequence or epitope map before claiming that staining detects both isoforms or a particular domain (standard antibody validation practice). A phosphoserine is annotated at residue 194, but the supplied evidence does not establish phospho-specific recognition; interpret staining as antibody-dependent total DVL1 signal until specificity is demonstrated (UniProt O14640 modified residues; standard antibody validation practice).
How can IF help check the DVL1 pattern seen by chromogenic IHC?
Use IF/ICC as a separate localisation check, since the supplied catalog example documents paraffin-section IHC rather than IF performance (A03533 caption). Multiplex DVL1 with a validated marker for the cell population being assessed, using separate channels and single-stain controls to check overlap and bleed-through (standard IF practice). Select a fluorophore channel after measuring tissue autofluorescence, and include a no-primary control to distinguish weak DVL1 signal from background (standard IF practice). Because DVL1 lacks a transmembrane segment and is reported in cytosol and vesicles, optimise mild permeabilisation when assessing intracellular signal; compare conditions before interpreting loss of membrane-associated staining (UniProt O14640 topology and localisation; standard IF practice).
What should I change when DVL1 chromogenic staining is diffuse or patchy?
First compare the section with a no-primary control and inspect whether deposits follow damaged tissue, section edges, or endogenous pigment (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection, and use an appropriate protein block and antibody titration to reduce nonspecific signal (standard IHC practice). DVL1 can show genuine cytoplasmic and membrane-associated staining, so diffuse colour alone does not establish background (UniProt O14640 localisation; HPA tissue IHC). Compare a dilution series around the catalog image’s 1:100 dilution while holding retrieval and DAB development constant; that dilution documents the rat testis image, not universal performance (A03533 caption; standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify DVL1 staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because HPA reports general cytoplasmic tissue staining and UniProt also describes membrane recruitment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O14640 localisation). For chromogenic sections, record the percentage of positive cells and an H-score based on prespecified intensity categories, with the scorer blinded to group where feasible (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of evaluable cells, or report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue when cell counts are impractical (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, imaging, and scoring thresholds constant, and report cytoplasmic and membrane results separately rather than pooling distinct patterns (standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish true DVL1 staining from artefact?
A credible pattern should recur in intact cells, fit a plausible compartment, and exceed no-primary background (standard IHC practice; UniProt O14640 localisation). HPA reports high staining in adrenal gland glandular cells and colon glandular cells, but no detected staining in smooth muscle cells or soft-tissue fibroblasts; use these observations as context, not absolute controls (HPA tissue IHC). Treat staining limited to section edges, necrotic areas, or endogenous enzyme-rich regions cautiously and check it against controls (standard IHC practice). HPA rates tissue IHC as Approved while noting low consistency with RNA expression, so chromogenic positivity alone cannot establish Wnt pathway activity (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O14640 function).
Boster reagents
Best DVL1 / Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 IHC Antibodies
A03533 has paraffin-section IHC images from rat and mouse testis (IHC image captions); IF/ICC is listed for human, mouse, and rat, but no IF image is supplied (catalog applications; IF image alts).
Real IHC data
Anti-DVL1 Antibody
Cat # A03533
A03533 is the sole product card and shows paraffin-section IHC in rat and mouse testis at 1:100, with microwave retrieval in 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2 (IHC image captions). Human, mouse, and rat reactivity and IF/ICC use are listed, but no IF validation image is supplied (catalog reactivity; applications; IF image alts).
Which to pick: Choose A03533 for paraffin-section tissue IHC because its own images document rat and mouse testis staining (IHC image captions); the fixative is unreported (IHC image captions). For IF/ICC or samples from human, mouse, or rat, A03533 is the listed option, with an IF dilution range of 1:50–1:200; assess performance in your sample because no IF image is supplied (catalog applications; reactivity; IF dilution; IF image alts).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O14640 (DVL1_HUMAN, Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1).
- Human Protein Atlas. DVL1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. DVL1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and plasma membrane. In addition localized to vesicles and focal adhesion sites..
- Human Protein Atlas. DVL1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Novel markers for differentiation of lobular and ductal invasive breast carcinomas by laser microdissection and microarray analysis. BMC cancer 2007 — PMC1852112.
- Significant overexpression of DVL1 in Taiwanese colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis. International journal of molecular sciences 2013 — PMC3821627.
- Bilateral Meningioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. International journal of molecular sciences 2022 — PMC8835044.
- Role of MicroRNA-214 in Dishevelled1-Modulated β-catenin Signalling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression. Journal of Cancer 2023 — PMC9891876.
- PubMed PMID:9192851 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16710414 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11742073 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for DVL1 (Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1). Expected localisation General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A03533 at 1:50-1:200 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Smooth muscle. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded rat testis tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A03533); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A03533); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-DVL1, 1:50-1:200 (datasheet A03533); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining has low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Two isoforms; epitope differences unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O14640, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and plasma membrane. In addition…, Datasheet A03533, PMC3821627, PMC9891876. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DVL1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.