This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
LRRC1 / Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LRRC1
Plan chromogenic LRRC1 IHC on paraffin sections with colon glandular cells as a positive control and bone marrow hematopoietic cells as a negative comparator (HPA tissue IHC). Start catalog antibody A13956 at 10 μg/mL (datasheet: IHC-P) and score membranous glandular staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LRRC1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Membranous staining in glandular epithelium (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Most glandular epithelia show membranous staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Cerebellum+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A13956) | |
| Caveat | Staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression varies by tissue and cell type (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope differences are unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LRRC1 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol with two published LRRC1 liver-section methods (PMC12691226; PMC10932271).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13956); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LRRC1, 10 μg/mL (datasheet A13956) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LRRC1-positive staining in purkinje cells - nucleus of cerebellum (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Membranous expression in most glandular epithelia. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); PMC12691226 reports 10 min of heating without specifying the solution.
Section 2
What Is the Expected LRRC1 Staining Pattern?
LRRC1 is reported in the cytoplasm and at membranes, including the basolateral side of epithelial cells (UniProt Q9BTT6 localisation). In tissue IHC, expect prominent membranous staining in glandular epithelia, including colon and prostate glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Enhanced, while noting medium agreement with RNA data and pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC reliability).
| Strong staining outlines glandular cells in colon or prostate; some cytoplasmic signal is present. | This fits the reported membranous pattern in glandular epithelia (HPA tissue IHC: High in colon and prostate glandular cells) and LRRC1's cytoplasmic and epithelial basolateral localisation (UniProt Q9BTT6 localisation). Judge the cell boundary and tissue context together; HPA's Enhanced rating still carries a pending external-verification caveat (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Nuclei dominate the signal in glandular epithelium, with little convincing membrane staining. | That differs from the reported glandular pattern (HPA tissue IHC: membranous expression in most glandular epithelia). Check for counterstain confusion, detection artefact or antibody-dependent staining (general IHC practice). Do not treat every nuclear signal as impossible: Purkinje-cell nuclei are reported High in cerebellum (HPA tissue IHC: cerebellum). |
| A supposedly negative cell population stains as strongly as adjacent glandular cells. | First confirm the cell type: adipocytes, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells are reported Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). In those cells, staining may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially if the expected epithelial pattern is absent (general IHC practice); morphology alone cannot identify which cause applies. |
| Brown colour spreads across stroma, extracellular spaces or nearly every cell. | A diffuse, tissue-wide deposit does not resemble the reported glandular membrane pattern (HPA tissue IHC profile). Consider excess detection signal, endogenous peroxidase activity or inadequate blocking, then compare with a negative reagent control (general chromogenic IHC practice). A uniform background cannot establish LRRC1 distribution. |
| A colon glandular-cell section shows no convincing staining. | Colon glandular cells are reported High (HPA tissue IHC: colon), so a blank result calls for a technical check before interpreting the sample as LRRC1-negative. Review tissue preservation, retrieval, antibody application and detection using a same-run positive control (general IHC practice). The supplied sources give no LRRC1-specific retrieval or fixation requirement. |
💡Expected LRRC1 appearanceCall an IHC result positive when glandular epithelial cells show clear, relatively strong membrane-associated staining, particularly in a reported High tissue such as colon (HPA tissue IHC: colon and glandular profile); widespread stromal colour or nuclear-only gland staining without a membrane pattern is suspect and needs controls (HPA tissue IHC profile; general IHC practice).
| Cellular location and topology (UniProt Q9BTT6 localisation and topology) | LRRC1 is cytoplasmic and membrane-associated, with epithelial basolateral localisation and no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9BTT6). A membrane-associated IHC pattern therefore need not imply a membrane-spanning protein; assess staining against cell borders and cytoplasm. |
| Choice of reference tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | Colon, endometrium, gallbladder, prostate and rectum glandular cells are reported High, while adipocytes and smooth muscle cells are Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Select a reported High cell population for the positive control and interpret adjacent compartments separately; an organ name alone is insufficient. |
| Antibody evidence (HPA antibody validation; HPA tissue IHC reliability) | HPA031603 has Enhanced IHC validation (HPA antibodies), and the overall tissue profile is Enhanced with medium RNA agreement and pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC reliability). Use this as support for the reported pattern, while treating unexpected staining as a result to verify. |
| IF/ICC? (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA antibodies) | HPA reports supported cytosolic localisation in ICC-IF and lists A-431, RT-4 and U2OS images (HPA subcellular ICC-IF); HPA031604 is ICC Supported (HPA antibodies). Those cell-image observations answer the localisation question for IF/ICC but do not replace the tissue IHC pattern. |
| Isoforms and epitope information (UniProt Q9BTT6 isoforms) | Two isoforms are listed (UniProt Q9BTT6 isoforms). The supplied evidence does not locate the IHC antibody epitope or show isoform-specific staining, so an unusual pattern cannot be assigned to one isoform from these sources. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No signal in a reported High glandular control (HPA tissue IHC: colon). | The section, primary antibody or detection workflow may have failed (general IHC practice); the supplied sources do not establish LRRC1-specific fixation sensitivity. | Check that glandular cells are present, inspect the same-run control and verify antibody and detection steps (general IHC practice). If retrieval is changed, label it an empirical workflow adjustment rather than a documented LRRC1 requirement. |
| Signal appears mainly in nuclei of glandular cells. | This conflicts with the reported glandular membrane profile (HPA tissue IHC profile), though nuclear staining is reported in cerebellar Purkinje cells (HPA tissue IHC: cerebellum). | Recheck cell identity, focus and counterstain; compare an independent antibody or controlled repeat when available (general IHC practice). Record glandular and Purkinje-cell findings separately. |
| Stroma or negative-reference cells stain as strongly as glandular cells. | Broad staining may arise from nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity (general chromogenic IHC practice); adipocytes and smooth muscle cells are reported Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare morphology and a negative reagent control, review blocking and endogenous-enzyme control, then reassess the glandular pattern (general chromogenic IHC practice). |
| The section has a uniform brown haze that obscures cell borders. | Background can result from excessive antibody or detection signal, insufficient washing or endogenous activity (general chromogenic IHC practice). It cannot be scored as the reported membranous pattern (HPA tissue IHC profile). | Check reagent controls and wash steps; adjust staining conditions empirically until cell boundaries can be assessed (general IHC practice). No LRRC1-specific dilution is supplied. |
| Heart tissue seems positive by expression information, but cardiomyocytes lack IHC staining. | UniProt reports strong expression in heart (UniProt Q9BTT6 tissue specificity), whereas HPA reports cardiomyocytes Not detected by tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC: heart muscle). These observations have different scopes. | Identify the stained cell population and report the discordance without converting tissue-level expression into a cardiomyocyte IHC expectation (UniProt Q9BTT6 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC: heart muscle). |
| IF/ICC shows cytosol while tissue IHC emphasises glandular cell boundaries. | HPA reports supported cytosolic ICC-IF localisation (HPA subcellular ICC-IF) and membranous expression in most glandular epithelia by IHC (HPA tissue IHC profile). | Interpret each result in its assay and cell context; use the dedicated IF/ICC guide for IF workflow decisions. Do not infer that the tissue IHC or ICC-IF observation alone proves the other assay is wrong. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LRRC1 staining
A13956 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of Lano in human colon tissue with Lano antibody at 10 μg/mL.
A13956 · IFImmunofluorescence of Lano in human colon tissue with Lano antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000137269-LRRC1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_7976283
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000137269-LRRC1/tissue/colon#imid_7974049
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000137269-LRRC1/tissue/liver#imid_7974042
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000137269-LRRC1/tissue/kidney#imid_7974043
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA031604; green = LRRC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA031604; green = LRRC1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LRRC1 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes), and assess adjacent nonglandular cells on the colon slide as internal negatives only if they remain unstained.
Positive control tissue: Cerebellum (Purkinje cells - nucleus, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LRRC1 in A-431, RT-4, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a nonimmune IgG control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and isotype; and an LRRC1 knockout sample, if available, as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase and check whether colon gland lumens or mucus retain chromogen before scoring cellular staining (standard chromogenic IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported in the supplied evidence, and the selected A13956 colon caption does not state its fixative (selected-SKU tissue-IHC caption). Antigen-retrieval dependence is unreported, so compare retrieval conditions empirically (supplied target/application evidence). Frozen sections and IF require separate optimization; the supplied evidence does not establish either as easier than paraffin IHC (supplied target/application evidence).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LRRC1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells - nucleus | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Nasopharynx | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LRRC1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LRRC1 staining by checking retrieval, tissue preservation, cellular compartment and cell type before comparing signal intensity across sections.
How should I adjust retrieval when LRRC1 staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start LRRC1 retrieval with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval setting). Compare a known glandular positive section in every run, such as colon, where glandular cells stain strongly (HPA tissue IHC). If signal is weak, first check that the section reached the specified temperature and that cooling, washing and primary incubation were consistent (standard IHC practice). Only then test a longer retrieval time or an alternative buffer on adjacent sections, watching for damaged morphology or increased background (standard IHC practice). Judge improvement by clearer glandular cell staining, not by stronger stain across the whole section (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain variable LRRC1 staining between tissue blocks?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected colon IHC caption reports 10 µg/mL antibody but does not state the fixative (A13956 caption). Record each block’s fixative, time before fixation and fixation duration, then compare sections processed with the same retrieval and detection conditions (standard IHC practice). Uneven fixation can change antigen accessibility and morphology in paraffin sections, so inspect both before changing antibody concentration (standard IHC practice). Include a consistently processed colon control with each run because glandular cells show high LRRC1 staining in the tissue reference (HPA tissue IHC). Do not attribute a block difference to an LRRC1-specific fixation effect without a controlled comparison (A13956 caption; standard IHC practice).
Should LRRC1 appear at epithelial borders or throughout the cytoplasm?
Assess both the cell type and compartment: LRRC1 is reported in cytoplasm and at the basolateral side of epithelial cells (UniProt Q9BTT6 subcellular location). Tissue IHC describes membranous expression in most glandular epithelia, including high staining in colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Outline glandular cells with a counterstain and compare border enrichment with cytoplasmic signal on the same section (standard IHC practice). A diffuse stain obscuring cell boundaries needs a background check before it is scored as LRRC1 (standard IHC practice). Treat nuclear staining cautiously, while recognizing that the tissue reference separately reports high nuclear staining in cerebellar Purkinje cells (HPA tissue IHC).
Could isoforms or epitope placement change the LRRC1 IHC pattern?
LRRC1 has 2 annotated isoforms, but the supplied record does not map this antibody’s epitope to either one (UniProt Q9BTT6 isoforms; A13956 caption). Request the immunogen or epitope sequence before claiming that a tissue pattern represents one isoform (standard antibody validation practice). LRRC1 has no annotated transmembrane segment, and threonine 480 is listed as a modified residue; neither fact establishes epitope accessibility after processing (UniProt Q9BTT6 topology and modified residues). If staining varies across blocks, compare retrieval conditions and morphology on adjacent sections before assigning the difference to splicing or phosphorylation (standard IHC practice). Report isoform or modification specificity only after direct validation with an appropriate reference (standard antibody validation practice).
How can I check an LRRC1 pattern by multiplex IF?
For a separate IF assay, pair LRRC1 with an epithelial marker such as pan-cytokeratin to identify the glandular cells expected to stain in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and favor a far-red LRRC1 channel if the section has strong shorter-wavelength autofluorescence (standard IF practice). LRRC1 has no annotated transmembrane segment and has supported cytosolic localization, so test mild permeabilisation when the antibody epitope is intracellular (UniProt Q9BTT6 topology; HPA subcellular; standard IF practice). Check whether permeabilisation changes border and cytosolic signal while retaining morphology, using single-channel and no-primary controls (standard IF practice). Establish IF performance independently of the selected colon IHC image, whose fixative is unreported (A13956 caption).
What should I check when chromogenic LRRC1 staining looks diffuse?
Run a no-primary section through the same detection steps to locate background from the detection system (standard IHC practice). For peroxidase-based chromogenic IHC, include an endogenous peroxidase block and inspect a control before interpreting DAB deposits as LRRC1 (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody around a documented starting condition only within the tested workflow; the selected colon image used 10 µg/mL, with fixation unreported (A13956 caption). Check whether diffuse color follows folds, drying edges or damaged tissue rather than glandular cell boundaries (standard IHC practice). A credible tissue pattern should remain distinguishable from background and align with membranous staining in glandular epithelia (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I score LRRC1 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored compartment and cell population before measuring: glandular epithelial membrane staining is the principal tissue pattern reported for LRRC1 (HPA tissue IHC). Record the percentage of positive glandular cells and an intensity-based H-score, using the same thresholds and exposure conditions across slides (standard IHC quantification practice). If measuring positive-cell density, express it per mm² of viable glandular epithelium and exclude lumen, folds and necrosis (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalize comparisons to the amount of evaluable epithelium and use a consistently processed control section to detect run variation (standard IHC practice). Keep cytoplasmic and border staining scores separate when both are present (UniProt Q9BTT6 subcellular location; standard IHC quantification practice).
How can I distinguish true LRRC1 staining from artefact?
Look for reproducible staining in the expected cells and compartment: glandular epithelial membranes are the main tissue pattern, while LRRC1 is also reported in cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9BTT6 subcellular location). Colon glandular cells provide a reported high-staining reference, whereas adipocytes are reported as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Check edge-intensified color, necrotic areas and no-primary controls before calling unexpected staining positive (standard IHC practice). In peroxidase-based assays, residual endogenous enzyme can produce chromogen independent of the primary antibody (standard IHC practice). Interpret discordant compartments cautiously because the tissue reference also reports nuclear staining in Purkinje cells and has pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best LRRC1 / Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 1 IHC Antibodies
A13956 is a human-reactive anti-LRRC1 antibody with IHC-P and IF images from human colon tissue (catalog: applications/reactivity; IHC/IF image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Lano LRRC1 Antibody
Cat # A13956
A13956 has IHC-P data from human colon tissue at 10 μg/mL (catalog: applications; IHC image caption). A13956 also has IF data from human colon tissue at 20 μg/mL (catalog: applications; IF image caption).
Which to pick: Choose A13956 for human paraffin-section IHC (catalog: IHC-P, Human); its IHC caption shows human colon tissue, but does not report the fixative (IHC image caption). Choose A13956 for tissue IF; ICC validation is not listed (catalog: applications; IF image caption). No cross-species option is listed: A13956 is human-reactive, rabbit-hosted, and has no clone specified (catalog: reactivity, host, clone).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9BTT6 (LRRC1_HUMAN, Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. LRRC1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. LRRC1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. LRRC1 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- LRRC1 Promotes Angiogenesis Through Regulating AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin/VEGFA Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2025 — PMC12691226.
- Verification of Ferroptosis Subcluster-Associated Genes Related to Osteosarcoma and Exploration of Immune Targeted Therapy. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2022 — PMC9534693.
- The Upregulation of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 1 Expression Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promotes Liver Fibrosis by Stabilizing Phosphorylated Smad2/3. International journal of molecular sciences 2024 — PMC10932271.
- PubMed PMID:11440998 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12200217 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LRRC1 (Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 1). Expected localisation Membranous staining in glandular epithelium (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A13956 at 10 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Cerebellum (Purkinje cells - nucleus); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13956); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LRRC1, 10 μg/mL (datasheet A13956); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A13956); Caveat: Staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope differences are unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: Expression varies by tissue and cell type (HPA tissue IHC). Evidence: UniProt Q9BTT6, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · cytosol., Datasheet A13956, PMC12691226, PMC10932271. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LRRC1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.