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TXN2 / Thioredoxin, mitochondrial · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for TXN2
Plan TXN2 paraffin-section IHC around granular cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) and mitochondrial localization (UniProt). The guide uses the catalog antibody’s IHC evidence for staining conditions (datasheet A04586-1) and tissue evidence to interpret cell-type differences (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
TXN2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasm in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrion (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Granular cytoplasmic staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04586-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Adipocytes show no detectable staining despite broad tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Broad adult and fetal expression; regulation unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms; mature chain spans aa 60–166 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended TXN2 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses citrate pH 6 heat retrieval (datasheet A04586-1); the published heart tissue IHC protocol reports primary incubation and DAB detection (PMC13368523).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human intestinal cancer tissues; fixative not specified (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04586-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6, 20 min (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-TXN2, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A04586-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TXN2-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Granular cytoplasmic expression in all tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6 heat retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet A04586-1).
Section 2
What Is the Expected TXN2 Staining Pattern?
TXN2 should appear as granular cytoplasmic staining consistent with mitochondria (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q99757: mitochondrial localisation). High staining is reported in adrenal glandular cells, colon glandular cells, bronchial respiratory epithelial cells and bone marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: High). HPA rates tissue IHC as Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression; interpret intensity alongside controls rather than treating every positive cell as conclusive (HPA: reliability description).
| Granular cytoplasmic signal in glandular or epithelial cells of an HPA high staining tissue (HPA: tissue IHC). | This fits the expected compartment and cell context (HPA: granular cytoplasmic profile; UniProt Q99757: mitochondrion). Assess intensity against nearby background and a matched control; morphology alone does not establish antibody specificity (standard IHC practice; HPA: Approved, medium consistency). |
| Predominantly nuclear, cell surface or uniformly diffuse signal, without a granular cytoplasmic component (HPA: expected tissue IHC profile). | The dominant compartment conflicts with mitochondrial TXN2 localisation (UniProt Q99757; HPA: ICC-IF main location). Consider nonspecific detection or an imaging artefact; repeat with appropriate controls before assigning the signal to TXN2 (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes, with little or no staining in an HPA high staining cell population on the same run (HPA: tissue IHC). | That distribution conflicts with adipocytes being not detected and the selected comparison population being High (HPA: tissue IHC). Check for cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogen activity using suitable controls (standard IHC practice). HPA's medium staining–RNA consistency limits conclusions from one section (HPA: reliability description). |
| Broad, even color across cells, stroma or empty areas that obscures cellular granules (HPA: expected granular cytoplasmic profile). | Diffuse background makes compartment scoring unreliable (standard IHC practice). Examine background in a control section and review blocking, washing and detection conditions (standard IHC practice); this appearance does not by itself identify a TXN2-specific cause. |
| No discernible signal in adrenal glandular cells or colon glandular cells (HPA: High in both populations). | An absent signal in a documented high staining population raises concern about assay performance (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Review section quality, antigen retrieval, antibody incubation and detection with controls (standard IHC practice); a single negative section does not overturn the HPA pattern. |
💡Expected TXN2 appearanceCall a result consistent with TXN2 when HPA high staining glandular, epithelial or hematopoietic cells show clear granular cytoplasmic color above background (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q99757: mitochondrion); dominant nuclear or diffuse staining is a warning sign (HPA: expected granular profile; standard IHC practice).
| Compartment: mitochondrion (UniProt Q99757; HPA: ICC-IF main location). | HPA describes tissue IHC as granular cytoplasmic, while ICC-IF places TXN2 mainly in mitochondria (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: subcellular). Use those observations together when judging localisation; chromogenic granules alone cannot prove organelle identity (standard IHC practice). |
| Cell context: widespread expression with unequal observed intensity (UniProt Q99757: tissue specificity; HPA: tissue IHC). | HPA reports High staining in several glandular, epithelial and hematopoietic populations, Low in smooth muscle cells and skeletal myocytes, and Not detected in adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare like cell types before interpreting an intensity difference. |
| Evidence strength: two listed antibodies have IHC Approved status (HPA: HPA000994 and CAB008681). | HPA describes medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability description). Treat a matching distribution as supportive, then use assay controls for the tested antibody; the supplied record does not assign an IHC Enhanced rating (HPA: antibody validation statuses). |
| Protein processing: the annotated thioredoxin chain spans residues 60–166 (UniProt Q99757). | The record identifies a mitochondrial protein without a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q99757). It gives no antibody epitope or target-specific retrieval sensitivity, so it cannot predict which retrieval condition exposes this antibody's binding site (UniProt Q99757 record; standard IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Granular cytoplasmic staining is weak in an expected high staining population (HPA: tissue IHC). | Low signal can arise from assay conditions or section quality (standard IHC practice); the supplied sources do not establish a TXN2-specific fixation effect. | Compare a documented high staining control and review the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions, retrieval conditions and detection controls (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| The whole section has diffuse color that masks granules (HPA: expected granular cytoplasmic profile). | Background may come from nonspecific reagent binding or endogenous detection activity (standard IHC practice). | Inspect a control without primary antibody, then review blocking, washing and chromogenic detection (standard IHC practice). Score localisation only where cellular detail remains visible. |
| Nuclei dominate the stain while cytoplasmic granules are absent (HPA: expected tissue IHC profile). | This pattern is inconsistent with the annotated mitochondrial location (UniProt Q99757; HPA: subcellular). | Check morphology and controls, then reassess antibody specificity and detection settings before calling the nuclear color TXN2 (standard IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes stain strongly while the selected positive control is weak (HPA: adipocytes Not detected; glandular cells in colon High). | The reversed distribution suggests nonspecific staining or an assay problem, although HPA reports medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: reliability description). | Compare sections processed together and inspect controls for cross-reactivity or endogenous activity (standard IHC practice); avoid declaring adipocytes a TXN2-positive population from that run. |
| A known high staining control is blank across repeated sections (HPA: tissue IHC). | Failure of retrieval, primary antibody incubation or detection could suppress the observed signal (standard IHC practice); no target-specific fixation cause is established here. | Verify that tissue and detection controls work, then review the catalog antibody's IHC-P workflow and repeat with a documented HPA high staining cell population (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Q: What should an IF/ICC image show (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF)? | A: HPA reports TXN2 mainly in mitochondria, with an enhanced mitochondrial location; its listed antibodies have ICC Supported status (HPA: subcellular; HPA: antibody statuses). | Look for mitochondrial signal and compare with appropriate image controls (HPA: subcellular; standard IF practice). Use the separate IF/ICC guide for that application's workflow. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing TXN2 staining
A04586-1 · IHCIHC analysis of TXN2 using anti-TXN2 antibody (A04586-1). TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer tissues.
A04586-1 · IHCIHC analysis of TXN2 using anti-TXN2 antibody (A04586-1). TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer tissues.
A04586-1 · IFIF analysis of TXN2 using anti-TXN2 antibody (A04586-1). TXN2 was detected in immunocytochemical section of U20S cell. Enzyme antigen retrie
M04586-1 · IHCIHC analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-1). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded s
M04586-1 · IHCIHC analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-1). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded s
M04586-1 · IFIF analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-1). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in immunocytochemical s
M04586-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-2). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded s
M04586-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-2). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in paraffin-embedded s
M04586-2 · IFIF analysis of Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 using anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 antibody (M04586-2). Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 was detected in immunocytochemical s
M04586 · IHCIHC analysis of TRX2 using anti-TRX2 antibody (M04586). TRX2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human colon cancer tissue. Heat
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100348-TXN2/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_331982
HPA · Adrenal glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Adrenal gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100348-TXN2/tissue/adrenal+gland#imid_331958
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100348-TXN2/tissue/colon#imid_331908
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100348-TXN2/tissue/liver#imid_331909
HPA · ICC-IF U2OSHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, U2OS, antibody CAB008681; green = TXN2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF U2OSHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, U2OS, antibody CAB008681; green = TXN2, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for TXN2 IHC & IF
🧪Run breast first: glandular cells should stain strongly (HPA: High in breast glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); adipocytes within the breast section, if present, should lack specific staining (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show TXN2 in U2OS, A-431, U-251MG, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Mitochondria (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and rabbit IgG isotype controls matched to the primary antibody’s clonality and concentration, plus TXN2-knockout material or a validated immunizing-peptide block as a biological specificity control (standard IHC practice; datasheet caption: rabbit primary). Because the caption uses a biotin-based DAB detection system, block endogenous peroxidase and biotin or use a biotin-free detection system (datasheet caption: biotinylated secondary, SABC and DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A04586-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (datasheet caption: fixative not stated). The reported IHC example uses citrate retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes; whether retrieval is required for other preparations is unreported (datasheet caption). Frozen sections and IF cannot be judged easier from the supplied evidence; if evaluating IF separately, expect mitochondrial localization and account for tissue autofluorescence (HPA: mitochondria enhanced; standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for TXN2
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced TXN2 IHC Tips
Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section protocol as the starting point, then judge staining against TXN2’s expected mitochondrial pattern and appropriate controls.
What retrieval conditions should I start with for TXN2 in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated citrate antigen retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes on paraffin sections (datasheet A04586-1). The selected image used this treatment before 10% goat-serum blocking and overnight incubation with 1 μg/mL antibody at 4°C (caption A04586-1). If staining is weak, compare retrieval durations on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration, detection, and development conditions matched (standard IHC practice). Examine whether recovered signal is granular and cytoplasmic, as reported across tissues, rather than judging intensity alone (HPA tissue IHC). Include a section processed without primary antibody to identify retrieval-associated background in the detection workflow (standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot fixation-related loss of TXN2 staining?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative, so target-specific TXN2 sensitivity to fixation is unknown (caption A04586-1). Record each specimen’s fixative, fixation duration, processing history, and section age before attributing weak staining to fixation (standard IHC practice). Compare sections with matched processing using the documented citrate pH 6, 20-minute retrieval and 1 μg/mL primary-antibody conditions (caption A04586-1). Review morphology and staining together, since poorly preserved tissue complicates interpretation of a granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Do not infer a fixation effect from the mitochondrial location, mature chain, or tissue-expression profile alone (UniProt Q99757; HPA tissue IHC).
Where should convincing TXN2 staining appear in chromogenic IHC?
Expect granular cytoplasmic staining compatible with mitochondria, rather than a predominantly nuclear or membrane-outline pattern (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular; UniProt Q99757). Inspect well-preserved cells at higher magnification before assigning diffuse cytoplasmic DAB deposits to TXN2 (standard IHC practice). TXN2 has no transmembrane segment, and its annotated mature chain spans residues 60–166 (UniProt Q99757 topology; UniProt Q99757 processing). Compare the same cell population across serial sections and a no-primary control when compartment assignment is uncertain (standard IHC practice). Widespread expression is plausible, but cell-type intensity can differ; use tissue context alongside the granular pattern (UniProt Q99757 tissue specificity; HPA tissue IHC).
Could processing or an epitope change explain patchy TXN2 staining?
The supplied record lists 0 isoforms, so an isoform-specific explanation for patchy staining has no support here (UniProt Q99757 isoforms). TXN2’s annotated thioredoxin domain and mature chain occupy residues 61–166 and 60–166, respectively (UniProt Q99757 domains; UniProt Q99757 processing). The record also lists alternative acetylation or succinylation at residue 152, but provides no antibody epitope or staining effect (UniProt Q99757 modified residues; caption A04586-1). Check the antibody’s documented immunogen or epitope before proposing a processing or modification mechanism (standard IHC practice). Meanwhile, compare patchy areas with preserved morphology and no-primary staining under identical retrieval and detection conditions (standard IHC practice).
How can I check the IHC pattern with multiplex IF?
Use IF as an independent localisation check and multiplex TXN2 with a marker identifying the cell population scored by IHC (standard IF practice). Select a fluorophore channel with low tissue autofluorescence and include single-label and no-primary controls before interpreting overlap (standard IF practice). TXN2 is mainly mitochondrial and has no transmembrane segment, so permeabilisation must allow antibody access to its intracellular epitope (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q99757 topology; standard IF practice). Optimise permeabilisation against mitochondrial morphology and the antibody’s documented epitope, which is not specified in the selected IHC caption (caption A04586-1; standard IF practice). Treat IF conditions as independently optimised because the selected product evidence describes paraffin-section chromogenic IHC (caption A04586-1).
How do I distinguish weak TXN2 signal from chromogenic background?
First compare the stained section with a no-primary control carried through the same secondary, detection, and DAB steps (standard IHC practice). The selected protocol uses 10% goat-serum blocking, a biotinylated secondary, avidin-biotin complex, and DAB (caption A04586-1). Check endogenous peroxidase blocking and, where relevant, endogenous biotin controls before calling diffuse brown deposits TXN2 positive (standard IHC practice). Reduce nonspecific staining through blocking, washing, and primary-antibody optimisation while retaining the documented 1 μg/mL condition as the comparison point (caption A04586-1; standard IHC practice). Require cell-associated granular cytoplasmic staining consistent with the reported tissue pattern, rather than staining of empty spaces or tissue edges (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to score TXN2 IHC across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and region before scoring, then exclude damaged areas using the same rule for every specimen (standard IHC practice). Record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, or calculate an H-score from those components (standard IHC practice). For spatial analysis, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue and state how tissue area was measured (standard IHC practice). Normalise comparisons to the same cell population, viable area, section-processing conditions, and DAB development settings (standard IHC practice). Score granular cytoplasmic signal specifically, because TXN2 is mainly mitochondrial and HPA reports granular cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC).
When should apparent TXN2 positivity be treated as an artefact?
Give greatest weight to granular cytoplasmic staining in intact cells, consistent with TXN2’s mitochondrial location and reported tissue pattern (UniProt Q99757; HPA tissue IHC). Question predominantly nuclear, cell-outline, or extracellular deposits when they lack a matching intracellular granular component (HPA subcellular; standard IHC practice). Inspect tissue edges and necrotic regions separately, since their staining can misrepresent the pattern in viable cells (standard IHC practice). A no-primary control helps reveal signal from endogenous enzyme activity or the chromogenic detection sequence (standard IHC practice). Interpret intensity cautiously: HPA reports broad tissue staining with only medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best TXN2 / Thioredoxin, mitochondrial IHC Antibodies
Anti-TXN2 antibodies have IHC images from human cancer tissues and rat brain, plus IF/ICC images from human cells (catalog image captions); the catalog lists human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 Antibody ®
Cat # A04586-1
Real IHC data
Anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 Antibody ® (monoclonal, 7B5)
Cat # M04586-1
Real IHC data
Anti-Thioredoxin 2/TXN2 Antibody ® (monoclonal, 4H3)
Cat # M04586-2
Real IHC data
Anti-Thioredoxin 2 Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M04586
A04586-1 has IHC images from human intestinal and mammary cancer sections and an IF/ICC image from U20S cells (A04586-1 image captions); M04586 has an IHC image from human colon cancer (M04586 IHC caption). M04586-1 and M04586-2 each have IHC images from human gastric and lung cancers and rat brain (respective IHC captions); both have HeLa IF/ICC images, while M04586-2 also has MCF7 and human intestinal cancer IF images (respective IF captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A04586-1 for a citrate pH 6 retrieval example (A04586-1 IHC caption) or M04586 for an EDTA pH 8 example (M04586 IHC caption); both captions show paraffin sections but leave the fixative unreported (respective IHC captions). For IF/ICC, M04586-2 offers HeLa and MCF7 cell images and a paraffin-section IF image (M04586-2 IF captions). For cross-species IHC planning, M04586-1 and M04586-2 each have a rat brain IHC image alongside human tissue images (respective IHC captions), and both list human, mouse and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity); their paraffin-section captions leave the fixative unreported (respective IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q99757 (THIOM_HUMAN, Thioredoxin, mitochondrial).
- Human Protein Atlas. TXN2 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. TXN2 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the mitochondria..
- Human Protein Atlas. TXN2 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Sodium selenite attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and oxidative injury by regulating TXN2/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling and ferroptosis. Frontiers in pharmacology 2026 — PMC13368523.
- Txn2 haplodeficiency does not affect cochlear antioxidant defenses or accelerate the progression of cochlear cell loss or hearing loss across the lifespan. Experimental gerontology 2020 — PMC7680416.
- PubMed PMID:12032145 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:12080052 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15461802 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for TXN2 (Thioredoxin, mitochondrial). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasm in tissue (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrion (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04586-1). Validated IHC antibody: A04586-1 at 0.5-1μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human intestinal cancer tissues; fixative not specified (datasheet A04586-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04586-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6 , 20 min (datasheet A04586-1); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A04586-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-TXN2, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A04586-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04586-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Adipocytes show no detectable staining despite broad tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No annotated isoforms; mature chain spans aa 60–166 (UniProt); Regulation: Broad adult and fetal expression; regulation unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q99757, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the mitochondria., Datasheet A04586-1, PMC13368523. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/TXN2/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.