WASP homolog-associated protein with actin, membranes and microtubules (WHAMM)

Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) that stimulates Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization both at the Golgi apparatus and together tubular membranes. Its activity in membrane tubulation demands F-actin and interaction with microtubules.

Proposed to use coordinated actin-nucleating and microtubule- binding activities of different WHAMM molecules to induce membrane tubule elongation; when MT-bound can recruit and remodel membrane vesicles but is prevented to activate the Arp2/3 complex. Involved as a regulator of Golgi positioning and morphology.