F2RL3 Antibodies

Proteinase-activated receptor 4 (F2RL3)

Receptor for activated thrombin or trypsin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. May play a role in platelets activation.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	F2RL3
Uniprot:	Q96RI0
Entrez:	9002

Family

Belongs to:
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Alternative Names

proteinase-activated receptor 4; coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3; F2RL3; PAR4; Protease-Activated Receptor 4; Thrombin Receptor-like 3

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
41.133 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	19p13.11
Sequence:	19; NC_000019.10 (16888999..16892606)

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed, with highest levels in lung, pancreas, thyroid, testis and small intestine. Not expressed in brain, kidney, spinal cord and peripheral blood leukocytes. Also detected in platelets.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Diseases

• Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
• Premature Obstetric Labor
• Myocardial Infarction
• Heart Diseases
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Infarction
• Cerebrovascular Accident

• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

Pathways

• Methylation
• Dna Methylation

PTMs

• Methylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/F2RL3

Best Uses Of The F2RL3 Marker

This article will cover high-affinity primary antibodies as well as the EZ-96 DNA Methlation Gold Kit and MassARRAY Software. It will also cover Boster Bio's proprietary ELISA platform and the F2RL3 marker. Read on to find out what each one is best for and how they can improve your research. These are the most popular uses of this marker.

EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit

The EZ-96 DNA Methylation-Gold Kit (formerly known as the EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit) is an evolution from the original EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit which was introduced to the marketplace in 2011. This improved version combines the DNA denaturation and bisulfite conversion processes into one step. This simplifies DNA treatment and results in high-quality DNA recovery. This three-step procedure converts cytosine and uracil.

Zymo Research manufactures EZDNA Methylation DirectTM. It is a DNA methylation testing kit. The main component of the kit's components is a methyl CpG - binding domains protein. The amount of protein and incubation times were used to determine the methylation activities. The procedure conditions were optimized by dividing the samples into two groups: unmethylated and methylated.

Primary antibodies of high affinity

The F2RL3-specific antibody, JON/A(FITC), was designed to bind both activated and resting platelets and was able to demonstrate antigen binding irreversibly in both settings. It is the first tool that can be used to directly detect integrin betaIIbbeta3 activity in mice. This is also a first for fluorescent antibody derivatives that have identical antigenic specificities.

To develop a high affinity primary antibody, it is necessary to have the epitope in fixed tissue. This epitope must be accessible to the specific antibody. The affinity constant of this epitope is unknown. High-affinity primary antibodies may require harsh methods for elution, such as harsh acids or denaturing. Therefore, the F2RL3 marker is a powerful and versatile tool for the detection of a wide range of antigens and their associated antibodies.

PRAX1 research identified a second F2RL3 non-synonymous SNP, rs2227346. This variant, which is not related with rs773904 affects the amino acids residue 296 in PAR4. It encodes the phenylalanine. The less common "G", Val296, is expressed in white cells. Interestingly, Val296-derived by rs2227346 was associated to a significantly lower platelet aggregate than PAR4-296Phe.

There are also commercial genotyping kits for the F2RL3 Gene. These assays come in R packages. Life Technologies offers LDheatmap(r) and genetics. F2RL3 can be found in a wide range of regions. It is therefore crucial to identify and analyze the gene's presence within patient samples. The results of this study are encouraging.

The PAR4 protein is encoded by the F2RL3 gene and is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The PAR4 gene is located in chromosome 19,p12. The protein is involved vascular inflammation and mediates persistent, thrombin-signaling in platelets. It has been shown to be associated with chronic renal disease and kidney function.

The F2RL3 rs773902 genotype did not affect the platelet aggregation response to AA, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, or collagen-related peptide. Further analysis of AA induced platelet aggregation revealed no differences among Ala heterozygotes. This result was consistent across genotypes.

EZ-96

Steven Boster is biotechnologist and inventor of the F2RL3 mark. He is known as the "lavatory whiz" because he created a product back in 1993. His company manufactures hundreds of primary antibodies and is the largest catalog-based antibody company in China as of the late 1990s. Boster Bio developed proprietary ELISA systems, such as PicoKineTM, which deliver high-sensitivity ELISA products.

Software for MassARRAY and SpectroACQUIRE

SpectroACQUIRE software and MasARRAY software were created in collaboration with Sequenom. The F2RL3 marker has five CpG sites. The above-described procedures allowed us to quantify the five CpG sites containing methylcytosines. MassArray couldn't measure the mass CpG_1 cleavage products.

The F2RL3 marker validates at 5 loci. 5 loci can be simultaneously analyzed by the MassARRAY and SpectroACQUIRE software for F2RL3 markers. Once you have found the optimal loci for your analysis, you can set up the instrument. If you plan on using F2rl3 to conduct genetic studies, you will need the SpectroCHIP Arrays removed from the deck once it is fully extended.

MassARRAY and SpectroACQUIRE software for the F2RL3 marker contain several features that are necessary for a successful analysis. These programs include a detailed user manual. They can be used to create the ideal assay design online. These programs are also useful for data analysis. Once the software installation is complete, users can use the software to create an assay design and virtual plates.

The assessment of cardiac disease is clinically relevant to F2RL3-methylation. It is still not known how much of this protein has been methylated. These results suggest that this marker is not an intermediary between smoking cessation and the development of diseases. The F2RL3 methylation may also be a biomarker of CHD or MI. This research will form the basis of a new approach to evaluating the risk for heart disease.