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- Table of Contents
Plan chromogenic KHSRP IHC on paraffin sections using 2–5 μg/ml of the IHC-validated antibody (datasheet A02770-2). Score nuclear staining with high-staining bone marrow hematopoietic cells and lower-staining heart cardiomyocytes as tissue references (HPA tissue IHC).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Widespread nuclear staining across tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A02770-2) | |
| Positive control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A02770-2) | |
| Caveat | Ubiquitous nuclear staining limits cell-specific contrast (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Specific expression regulators unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms or isoform-specific epitope map (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody protocol is paired with one published KHSRP tissue microarray IHC protocol (PMC11467790 methods).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human gallbladder adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02770-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02770-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A02770-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A02770-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-KHSRP, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A02770-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A02770-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A02770-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | KHSRP-positive staining in adipocytes of adipose tissue (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
KHSRP is primarily nuclear, with nucleoplasmic localisation in HPA ICC-IF; UniProt also reports cytoplasmic localisation, including a small proportion in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites (HPA: nucleoplasm; UniProt Q92945: subcellular location). Expect nuclear staining across many cell types: HPA describes ubiquitous nuclear expression and rates its tissue IHC profile Supported, citing consistency with RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC profile and reliability). KHSRP has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q92945: topology).
| Distinct nuclear chromogen in adipocytes, glandular cells or hematopoietic cells. | This fits the reported high staining in adipose tissue, adrenal gland and bone marrow (HPA: High in these cell types). Judge localisation within identifiable cells, because pooled tissue colour cannot establish which cells carry the signal (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Strong signal confined to cell borders or extracellular material, with nuclei unstained. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch: KHSRP is nuclear and cytoplasmic, and lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q92945: location and topology; HPA: nucleoplasm). Review morphology and detection controls before assigning the signal to KHSRP (standard IHC practice). |
| Intense staining in a cell population inconsistent with the expected local pattern. | Compare the cell identities with HPA's tissue examples before calling it positive; HPA records high signal in specific cells, such as colon endothelial cells (HPA: High in colon endothelial cells). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is a possible explanation for an unexpected pattern, not a diagnosis from appearance alone (standard IHC practice). |
| Weak brown haze covers nuclei, cytoplasm and surrounding tissue without cell boundaries. | This does not establish the reported nuclear distribution (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). Diffuse staining can reflect background from detection or blocking conditions; assess a matched negative control and whether chromogen tracks identifiable cells (standard IHC practice). |
| No nuclear signal in an HPA high-staining tissue. | A negative result in adipose tissue adipocytes, adrenal gland glandular cells or bone marrow hematopoietic cells warrants a run-level check (HPA: High in those cells). Check tissue preservation, antibody conditions and detection controls; HPA's tissue profile does not establish KHSRP-specific fixation sensitivity (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC scope). |
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports low tissue specificity and ubiquitous nuclear expression, with High staining in several listed cell types but Low staining in heart cardiomyocytes (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Select controls by the reported cell population, not by the tissue name alone (standard IHC practice). |
| Compartment and topology | Nuclear localisation is the main slide expectation (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression); UniProt also lists cytoplasm and notes a small cytoplasmic fraction in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites (UniProt Q92945: subcellular location). No transmembrane segment or signal peptide supports treating dominant cell-surface staining cautiously (UniProt Q92945: topology and processing). |
| Antibody evidence | HPA rates tissue IHC Supported overall and lists HPA034739 as IHC Supported; HPA056518 has no listed IHC validation status (HPA: tissue reliability and antibody validation). These ratings support comparison with the reported pattern but do not validate an unlisted antibody or every specimen (HPA: antibody validation scope). |
| IF/ICC comparison | Q: Where should an IF/ICC signal appear? A: Predominantly in the nucleoplasm; HPA calls this location Enhanced and lists images for A-431, U-251MG, U2OS and NIH 3T3 (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). Use that localisation as context for the IHC readout, while recognising that the assays and preparations differ (standard assay interpretation). |
| Antigen retrieval | Retrieval settings can affect an IHC run in general; optimise against tissue controls under the chosen assay conditions (standard IHC practice). The supplied HPA and UniProt records give no KHSRP-specific retrieval condition or fixation-sensitivity result (HPA: tissue IHC scope; UniProt Q92945: record scope). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclear stain is absent in a listed high-staining cell population. | A failed run or unsuitable assay conditions are possibilities; the supplied sources do not identify a KHSRP-specific fixation effect (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC scope). | Confirm the expected cells are present, examine a run control, and review the antibody, retrieval and detection steps under the assay's instructions (standard IHC practice; HPA: listed High cells). |
| Signal is mainly membranous while nearby nuclei are blank. | The pattern conflicts with reported nuclear localisation and absence of a transmembrane segment (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q92945: topology). | Recheck cell boundaries and compare with a negative detection control; withhold a positive call until nuclear staining is supported (standard IHC practice). |
| A neuronal section shows both nuclear and limited cytoplasmic colour. | UniProt reports a small cytoplasmic proportion in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites (UniProt Q92945: subcellular location). | Assess whether the nuclear pattern remains clear and whether cytoplasmic colour follows neuronal morphology; avoid rejecting a limited cytoplasmic component solely for its location (UniProt Q92945: location; standard IHC interpretation). |
| Brown colour appears broadly outside identifiable cells. | Diffuse detection background or endogenous activity is possible; colour alone cannot establish KHSRP localisation (standard IHC practice). | Review matched negative and endogenous-activity controls, blocking and chromogen development, then score only cell-associated staining with interpretable morphology (standard IHC practice). |
| Heart cardiomyocytes stain weakly. | Low staining in heart cardiomyocytes is reported by HPA, so faint signal alone does not show assay failure (HPA: Low in heart cardiomyocytes). | Compare nuclear localisation and a listed high-staining control before judging performance; avoid using this low-staining population as the sole positive control (HPA: tissue IHC levels; standard IHC practice). |
| Two antibodies give different tissue patterns. | Their supplied IHC evidence differs: HPA034739 is IHC Supported, while HPA056518 has no listed IHC status (HPA: antibody validation). | Compare localisation, cell identity and run controls for each reagent; do not transfer one antibody's IHC validation status to the other (HPA: antibody validation; standard IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — High consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: KHSRP is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Use the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section example to establish retrieval and detection conditions, then assess KHSRP staining by compartment and cell type.
KHSRP antibodies have real IHC data from human paraffin sections (A02770-2 image caption) and IF/ICC data from human cells (M02770-3 image caption).
A02770-2 will render with IHC data from human gallbladder adenocarcinoma paraffin sections and listed Human/Rat reactivity (A02770-2 image caption; catalog: reactivity). M02770-3 will render with IF/ICC data from MCF-7 cells and listed Human/Mouse/Rat reactivity (M02770-3 image caption; catalog: reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A02770-2 for chromogenic tissue IHC: its own caption documents paraffin sections, EDTA retrieval, and DAB detection; the fixative is unreported (A02770-2 image caption). Choose mouse monoclonal M02770-3 for IF/ICC, supported by its own cell image, with no IHC application listed (M02770-3 image caption; catalog: applications, clone 4F10D2). For cross-species planning, M02770-3 lists Human/Mouse/Rat for IF/ICC, while IHC-listed A02770-2 lists Human/Rat; the pictured examples for both are human (catalog: applications, reactivity; A02770-2 and M02770-3 image captions).