Platelet factor 4 Antibodies

Platelet factor 4 (PF4)

Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule.

Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the brief form is a stronger inhibitor than the longer form.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	PF4
Uniprot:	P02776
Entrez:	5196

Family

Belongs to:
intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family

Alternative Names

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4; C-X-C motif chemokine 4; CXCL4; CXCL4iroplact; Iroplact; MGC138298; Oncostatin-A; PF4; PF-4; platelet factor 4; SCYB4oncostatin-A

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
10.845 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	4q13.3
Sequence:	4; NC_000004.12 (73980811..73982124, complement)

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombosis
• Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (hit)
• Hemorrhage
• Blood Coagulation Disorders
• Tissue Adhesions
• Neoplasms
• Inflammation
• Infarction
• Myocardial Infarction
• Thromboembolism
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Atherosclerosis

• Von Willebrand Disease
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Leukemia
• Thrombophilia
• Venous Thrombosis
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Diabetes Mellitus

Interacting Proteins

• APOH
• CCL11
• CCL13
• CCL17
• CCL2

• CCL20
• CCL21
• CCL25
• CCL26
• CCL28

• CCL5
• CXCL10
• CXCL11
• CXCL12
• CXCL14

• CXCL17
• CXCL2
• CXCL6
• CXCL8
• CXCL9

• XCL1

Pathways

• Platelet Activation
• Coagulation
• Platelet Aggregation
• Pathogenesis
• Secretion
• Angiogenesis
• Fibrinolysis
• Immune Response
• Hemostasis
• Cell Proliferation
• Blood Coagulation
• Localization
• Chemotaxis

• Complement Activation
• Inflammatory Response
• Cell Growth
• Cell Adhesion
• Excretion
• Cell Differentiation
• Wound Healing

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Phosphorylation
• Nitration
• Sulphation
• Biotinylation
• Glycosylation

• Acetylation
• Methylation
• Carboxylation
• Reduction
• Amidation
• Oxidation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/PF4

Best Uses Of The PF4 Marker In Immunohistochemistry

A small cytokine found within blood platelet factor 4 (PF4), is one. It is used for the detection of rare blood clotting disorders. The following article provides information on this marker and how to use it in immunohistochemistry. This article will also provide information about its application in IHC and troubleshooting. Boster Bio can be a great tool for IHC research. Follow these guidelines and guidelines.

Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a small cytokine

The immune system plays a significant role in the production of platelet factor 4 (PF4) which acts as a chemoattractant fibrocytes. This cytokine also plays a role in cerebral malaria, a serious complication of P. falciparum infections. This means that blocking antibodies against PF4 could be effective against COVID-19.

This discovery highlights the importance of studying platelet factor 4 as a minor cytokine. The role of PF4 in the development of VITT/TTS has been described in a recent research paper. Although PF4 has been studied in the past, its importance has not been fully appreciated in recent years. Fortunately this molecule is a precursor of the antibody anti-heparin, which has been developed by the company.

It is a member of the CXC chemokine families. Its gene is located on 4q12-q13. PF4 plays many roles in the immune system. It affects several organs, including the central nerve system, the endothelial cell and platelets. PF4 is released through the alpha granules of activated platelets. It is believed to facilitate coagulation. PF4 is also thought to contribute to wound repair.

The CRRT treatment is commonly used in intensive care units to treat metabolic acidosis and remove cytokines in COVID-19 patients. It is a moderately efficient treatment for COVID-19 however, the use of the PF4 in CRRT remains in its infancy stages of development. It could revolutionize hemodialysis due to a variety of reasons.

Since heparin could save lives, PF4 is important as a small cytokine. Some patients may have an adverse immune reaction to PF4 after it has been administered. The development of HIT is extremely rare, however health status may play an important role. Anti-PF4 antibodies inhibit the formation of Tetramers.

Boster Bio's choice of PF4 as a small cytokine is in the same vein as other companies that use Heparin as a blood thinner. Heparin induces platelet activation as well as PF4 release which in turn stimulates clotting activity. When heparin is utilized for prolonged periods, the risk of HIT is increased.

It is used to detect rare blood clotting disorders.

The Boster Bio's PF4 antibody can be used to detect rare blood coagulation disorders. The Boster Bio PF4 antibody detects PF4 and reacts to recombinant Mouse, Rat PF4 protein. It can be stored at temperatures between -20 and 4 degrees Celsius and has a shelf-life of one year. It is a combination of five mgs of BSA, and the PF4 anti-body. It reacts with the recombinant Mouse and Rat PF4 protein. This amino acid sequence is identical to human PF4 but 86.8 percent more similar to rat PF4 so it can be used to diagnose this rare disorder.

The platelets are bound by antibodies to the factor platelet 4. When the platelets are activated abnormal aggregates are formed and create a blood clotting environment within the patient. Researchers say that one out of every 60,000 patients will experience an adverse reaction to an adenovirus vector vaccine. This new indicator could help us better understand how the clots form and what patients should be screened.

It is used in IHC

The PF4 marker, a 70-amino acids proteins that is released from activated platelets, is known as a 70-amino Protein. It binds to heparin with high affinity. Its main physiologic function is to neutralize heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels. However, this molecule may be involved in wound healing and inflammation. It is a powerful chemoattractant for neutrophils.

It is well-known that PF4 is involved in inflammatory reactions and is also involved in the production of cytokines through VSMCs. Although this role isn't yet well understood, PF4 is involved in various inflammatory processes and is linked to a variety of cellular types. In the following, we discuss its role in vascular injury. This marker is used in IHC for a variety of biological reasons.

To detect the presence of PF4 in human samples, we used an anti-LRP1 antibody. This antibody blocks the PF4-mediated HCASMC cytokine production by blocking LRP1 expression in VSMCs. We also utilized an PF4 marker to identify a subtype liver cancer of the stellate. The PF4 marker is utilized in IHC as part of the immune response against human cancer cells.

In the laboratory, PF4 is responsible for the proinflammatory response of the VSMC. In both WT and PF4/ mice, the left common carotid artery was linked. After an overnight incubation, PF4 was found in both vessel walls and plasma. WT mice had higher levels of IL-6 and the KC, and PF4/ mice. This was nine days after treatment. Interestingly, mice who had KLF4 overexpression demonstrated a significant increase of the levels of KC and IL-6 but no impact on the inflammatory phenotype switch.