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- Table of Contents
1 Citations 4 Q&As
Facts about Calcitonin.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | CALCA |
Uniprot: | P01258 |
Entrez: | 796 |
Belongs to: |
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calcitonin family |
CALC1; CALCA; Calcitonin 1; calcitonin gene-related peptide 1; CGRP; Katacalcin; Procalcitonin
Mass (kDA):
15.467 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 11p15.2 |
Sequence: | 11; NC_000011.10 (14966668..14972361, complement) |
Secreted.
Here, we will discuss the background, benefits, and uses of the CALCA marker. In addition, we will cover the role of this marker in PD-L1 expression regulation and how Boster scientists can use it for their research. The information in this article is applicable to all scientists around the world. To learn more, keep reading! It may be a useful tool in the research of diseases.
The CALCA marker is a multifunctional peptide with 37 amino acids. It is produced by alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene's primary transcript. Initially, this protein was found to be distributed throughout the nervous system, with a potent vasodilatory effect. Molecular and biological studies of CALCA have demonstrated that this protein has a variety of functions, including an important role in fetal growth and development.
A Japanese study aimed to discover novel polymorphisms in the CALCA gene. They also used known single nucleotide polymorphisms to evaluate the gene-environment association. The study used age-matched Japanese subjects with and without EH. The CALCA gene is located at the 5' flanking region of the gene. The five-bp region was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.
The CALCA gene contains a novel two-bp microdeletion polymorphism. This polymorphism is linked to a greater risk of ovarian cancer. This association has been confirmed by a case-control study. The researchers now plan to determine whether this polymorphism is a susceptibility gene for EH. This study will require further research to confirm or refute the association between CALCA and EH.
A genetic polymorphism identified in the CALCA gene is associated with the response to OnabotA treatment in Chronic Migraine patients. The polymorphism is rs3781719 c.-767 T>C. However, the role of genetic polymorphisms must be considered with caution and further validated by independent studies. The study was sponsored by Allergan Inc., and the datasets are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.
PD-L1 is expressed in a wide variety of cancers, and its expression is highly variable among different cell lines. Though the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression is uncertain, it has been linked to the efficacy of ICBT. Several studies have linked elevated levels of PD-L1 mRNA to acquired copy number alterations. These changes result in increased expression of the PD-L1 gene, which leads to an increase in PD-L1 mRNA levels.
PD-L1 expression is expressed by a subset of B lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells. The presence of PD-L1 in these cells may help the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with tumour cell survival, so it is useful as a biomarker for ICBT.
The CALCA gene is essential for PD-L1 expression regulation in B lymphocytes. In addition to promoting B lymphocytes' transportation to the recycling endosome, CMTM6 also decreases PD-L1 distribution to the late endosome and lysosome. Both proteins also prevent PD-L1 from being ubiquitinated.
The CALCA gene is an important candidate for PD-L1 regulation. In a recent study, CALCA expression was associated with higher rates of gastric cancer, a poorer prognosis and high proliferation. As a result, CALCA expression is an excellent biomarker for PD-L1 expression regulation in gastric cancer patients.
Mutations in PD-L1 may inhibit the protein's ability to interact with PD-1. Mutations in CMTM6 impair PD-L1 transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficking beyond the medial Golgi, but KO cells degrade PD-L1 after six hours. Moreover, CMTM6-KO cells express less PD-L1 molecules at the cell surface.
CALCA expression has been linked to longer MFS for patients with PD-L1-expressing cancer. Compared with the CALCA marker for PD-L1 expression, CMTM6 has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with PD-L1-expressing cancers. Its high expression is linked to a longer MFS than low expression, and its low expression has an unfavorable prognostic value for NSCLC patients.
PMID: 6546550 by le Moullec J.-M., et al. The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin.
PMID: 3872459 by Jonas V., et al. Alternative RNA processing events in human calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide gene expression.
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