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| Immune Pathways
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Greetings Earthling,
It's flu season, so keep your immune system boosted! Learn about the immune system by studying the following 2 pathway maps related to Immunology and Inflammation... Click the images below to download pathway
maps!
See related pathway antibodies in recommended products below!
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| Toll-Like
Receptors |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are immune receptors localized to the cell surface or to intracellular compartments, such as the endosome, ER, lysosome, etc. Of the TLR family, there are 10 functional TLRs
(TLR1-TLR10) in humans while there are 12 functional TLRs in mice (TLR1-TLR9, TLR11-TLR13). TLRs’ ability to recognize the respective pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns
(DAMPs) make them key players in activating the innate immune system.
In cases of excessive immune responses, insufficient negative regulation of TLR signaling has been linked with autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. |
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| NF-KappaB
p50-p65 Pathway |
| NF-κB is a protein complex present in nearly all animal cell types, mainly regulating DNA transcription, cytokine proliferation, and cellular survival. The NF-κB family consists of 5 related
transcription factors that share the Rel homology domain (RHD) in their N-termini - p50, p52, RelA (p65), RelB, and c-Rel. Once activated by stimuli, such as stress, cytokines (e.g. TNFα, IL-1ꞵ), ultraviolet irradiation, growth
factors, oxidized LDL, bacterial or viral antigens, the NF-κB p50-p65 Pathway elicits fast-acting cellular responses, demonstrating its crucial role in cellular innate and adaptive immunity. Misregulation of NF-κB has been
associated with cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, and viral infection. |
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To download MORE pathways, click this button: Get more!
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| Product Review |
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| Human IL-28A PicoKine™ ELISA Kit (EK0969) |
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