ATR Antibodies

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR (ATR)

Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q.

Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which jointly inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	ATR
Uniprot:	Q13535
Entrez:	545

Family

Belongs to:
PI3/PI4-kinase family

Alternative Names

ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related; Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein; ATR; EC 2.7.11.1; FRAP-related protein 1; FRP1; FRP1FRAP-related protein-1; MEC1; protein kinase ATR; Rad3 related protein; SCKL1; SCKLMEC1, mitosis entry checkpoint 1, homolog; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
301.367 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	3q23
Sequence:	3; NC_000003.12 (142449235..142578793, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitous, with highest expression in testis. Isoform 2 is found in pancreas, placenta and liver but not in heart, testis and ovary.

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body. Chromosome. Depending on the cell type, it can also be found in PML nuclear bodies. Recruited to chromatin during S-phase. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Ataxia Telangiectasia
• Neoplasms
• Ataxia
• Telangiectasis
• Genomic Instability
• Genotoxic Stress
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Mammary Neoplasms

• Leukemia
• Anemia
• Tissue Adhesions
• Physiological Stress
• Fanconi Anemia
• Carcinogenesis
• Cytogenetic Abnormality

Interacting Proteins

• ATRIP
• CDC5L
• CDK9
• CINP
• IKBKG

• TTI1

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Dna Repair
• Dna Replication
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• S Phase
• Dna Damage Checkpoint
• Cell Death
• Mitosis
• Localization
• Cell Cycle Checkpoint
• Cell Proliferation
• Mismatch Repair
• Senescence

• Meiosis
• Cell Growth
• Transport
• Hypersensitivity
• Response To Ionizing Radiation
• Aging
• Pathogenesis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Methylation
• Dephosphorylation
• Ubiquitination
• Acetylation
• Oxidation
• Nitration
• Carboxylation
• Reduction

• Sumoylation
• Demethylation
• Hydroxylation
• Adenosylation
• Deamination
• Ribosylation
• Glycosylation
• Deacetylation
• Sulphation
• Nitrosylation

Research Areas

• Cancer
• Checkpoint signaling
• DNA Double Strand Break Repair
• DNA Repair
• Immunology

• p53 Pathway
• Virology, Bacteria and Parasites

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ATR

Best Uses Of The ATR Marker

Steven Boster, an innovator and inventor of ATR markers is well-known. His first product was released in 1993, earning him the nickname "he who converts science in the bathroom." Boster went on to develop a range of products for IHC and a variety of primary antibodies. In the late 90s Boster's company was the largest catalog antibody manufacturer in China. In addition to creating high-quality primary antibodies, Boster also developed a proprietary ELISA platform, PicoKine(tm). Boster can now provide high-sensitivity ELISA kits with this exclusive platform.

Histories

ATR markers are the most famous monuments in the United States. These monuments are usually constructed to commemorate a significant historical event or person. They can also be used as battlegrounds. The story behind these monuments is often elusive and sometimes, the markers themselves question the veracity of their history. This article will discuss the history of this marker and what it means to be called "designated". We will also review some of the different types of monuments that honor inventors.

Benefits

The ATR indicator is a highly efficient tool in the world of trading. It is a unique indicator that measures volatility and also reflects the level of interest in the market. Movements with broad and wide ranges are more enthusiastic than those with narrow ranks. As a result, traders can utilize the ATR to verify the enthusiasm of a movement and break. Particularly, a high value for the ATR could indicate a significant buying pressure in the event of an upward reversal.

Kinetics

The ATR marker is a cell cycle marker and is crucial for the progression of cells that are not disturbed into the S phase. In this study, we investigated the process of ATR incorporation in various cells and looked at the effects of G2-M checkpoints on ATR expression. The results reveal that ATR regulates the progression of unperturbed cells through the S phase. Moreover, we examined the signaling pathway mediated by ATR.

The ATR marker plays a crucial role in DNA repair and antigenic variation generation. ATR is necessary for the repair of DNA caused by DSBs and for survival. The mechanism that coordinates this response is not fully understood. Knockdown experiments have proven that ATR is needed for checkpoint responses. However, a variety of studies have found that knocking down ATR interferes with the checkpoint response and reduces T. the antigenic variation of brucei.